Table 2.
Pre-procedural anxiety and associated factors among women without PSE (N=1319).
| Variable | STAI-S score (mean, SD) | P value a | The prevalence of anxiety (n, %) | P value b | Uni-variate OR (95%CI) c | Multi-variate OR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristic | ||||||
| Age (year) | ||||||
| <41 | 42.47 (9.00) | <0.001 | 526 (68.8) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ≥41 | 45.25 (7.33) | 457 (82.5) | 2.14 (1.64, 2.80) | 1.57 (1.15, 2.15) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Han | 43.56 (8.42) | 0.26 | 898 (74.2) | 0.30 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Others | 44.55 (8.76) | 85 (78.7) | 1.29 (0.80, 2.08) | |||
| Local household registration | ||||||
| Yes | 41.86 (9.94) | 0.008 | 118 (64.1) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| No | 43.93 (8.15) | 865 (76.2) | 1.79 (1.29, 2.49) | |||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single/divorced/widow | 42.51 (8.58) | 0.20 | 55 (63.2) | 0.012 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Married | 43.72 (8.44) | 928 (75.3) | 1.78 (1.13, 2.80) | 2.33 (1.37, 3.97) | ||
| Education level | ||||||
| Junior middle school or below | 44.69 (7.70) | <0.001 | 686 (79.9) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Senior middle school | 42.86 (9.03) | 178 (70.1) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.81) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.02) | ||
| College or above | 40.20 (9.67) | 119 (57.8) | 0.35 (0.25, 0.48) | 0.45 (0.31, 0.65) | ||
| Occupation types | ||||||
| Administrator/professional | 41.33 (9.85) | 0.002 | 88 (63.3) | 0.011 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Worker | 44.23 (7.40) | 401 (77.1) | 1.95 (1.31, 2.92) | |||
| Business services personnel | 43.47 (9.07) | 131 (73.6) | 1.62 (1.00, 2.61) | |||
| Housewife/unemployed woman | 44.24 (8.69) | 256 (77.1) | 1.95 (1.27, 3.00) | |||
| Others | 42.58 (8.79) | 107 (71.3) | 1.44 (0.88, 2.36) | |||
| Monthly income (RMB) | ||||||
| <5,000 | 44.08 (8.11) | 0.001 | 793 (77.0) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| ≥5,000 | 42.07 (9.42) | 190 (65.7) | 0.57 (0.43, 0.76) | |||
| Reproductive health condition | ||||||
| Age at menarche (year) | ||||||
| <12 | 42.75 (8.56) | 0.83 | 23 (71.9) | 0.80 | 0.89 (0.41, 1.94) | |
| 12 to 15 | 43.67 (8.54) | 782 (74.3) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| ≥16 | 43.61 (8.05) | 178 (76.1) | 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) | |||
| Age at coitarche (year) | ||||||
| <18 | 45.57 (8.24) | 0.004 | 97 (81.5) | 0.041 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 18 to 24 | 43.69 (8.33) | 715 (74.9) | 0.68 (0.42, 1.10) | |||
| ≥25 | 42.49 (8.84) | 171 (69.5) | 0.52 (0.30, 0.88) | |||
| The number of sexual partners in recent one year | ||||||
| 0 | 43.97 (8.18) | 0.021 | 86 (74.1) | 0.22 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 1 | 43.42 (8.59) | 823 (73.9) | 0.99 (0.64, 1.53) | |||
| ≥2 | 45.96 (6.63) | 74 (82.2) | 1.61 (0.82, 3.19) | |||
| Consistent condom use during sexual intercourse | ||||||
| No | 43.80 (8.22) | 0.14 | 844 (75.6) | 0.043 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 42.74 (9.62) | 139 (68.8) | 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) | |||
| Oral contraceptive use | ||||||
| Never | 43.91 (8.28) | 0.017 | 832 (76.1) | 0.005 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Ever | 42.33 (9.16) | 151 (67.1) | 0.64 (0.47, 0.88) | |||
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | 44.87 (8.46) | 0.028 | 41 (78.8) | 0.004 | 1.78 (0.88, 3.60) | |
| 1 | 42.48 (8.60) | 226 (67.7) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 2 | 43.90 (8.54) | 498 (75.5) | 1.47 (1.10, 1.96) | |||
| ≥3 | 44.18 (7.95) | 218 (79.9) | 1.89 (1.30, 2.75) | |||
| Age at first delivery (year) | ||||||
| Nonparous | 44.87 (8.46) | 0.010 | 41 (78.8) | 0.006 | 1.37 (0.65, 2.91) | 2.38 (1.01, 5.61) |
| <18 | 44.04 (8.02) | 501 (77.4) | 1.26 (0.85, 1.87) | 0.93 (0.61, 1.41) | ||
| 18 to 24 | 43.37 (8.56) | 117 (73.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| 25 to 29 | 43.58 (8.70) | 271 (73.0) | 1.00 (0.66, 1.51) | 0.83 (0.53, 1.30) | ||
| ≥30 | 40.74 (9.75) | 53 (59.6) | 0.54 (0.31, 0.94) | 0.50 (0.28, 0.91) | ||
| Caner history of first-degree relatives | ||||||
| No/unknown | 43.77 (8.39) | 0.013 | 938 (75.0) | 0.11 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 41.16 (9.18) | 45 (66.2) | 0.65 (0.39, 1.10) | |||
| Previous diagnosis of vaginitis | ||||||
| No | 44.04 (8.42) | 0.008 | 706 (76.1) | 0.046 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 42.69 (8.46) | 277 (70.8) | 0.76 (0.59, 1.00) | |||
| Health habit | ||||||
| Active smoking | ||||||
| Never | 43.63 (8.47) | 0.88 | 956 (74.6) | 0.83 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Ever | 43.84 (8.07) | 27 (73.0) | 0.92 (0.44, 1.92) | |||
| Passive smoking | ||||||
| Never | 43.78 (8.38) | 0.15 | 853 (75.4) | 0.068 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Ever | 42.81 (8.88) | 130 (69.1) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.02) | |||
| Sitting hours per day | ||||||
| <5 | 43.93 (8.60) | 0.16 | 561 (76.6) | 0.049 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| ≥5 | 43.27 (8.25) | 422 (71.9) | 0.78 (0.61, 1.00) | |||
| Walking steps per day | ||||||
| <5000 | 44.38 (8.21) | <0.001 | 672 (78.6) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ≥5000 | 42.27 (8.73) | 311 (67.0) | 0.55 (0.43, 0.71) | 0.63 (0.48, 0.82) | ||
| Frequency of physical exercise per week | ||||||
| 0 | 45.06 (7.69) | <0.001 | 491 (80.5) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 1 | 42.58 (9.25) | 262 (71.4) | 0.61 (0.45, 0.82) | |||
| 2 | 42.11 (8.64) | 137 (66.5) | 0.48 (0.34, 0.68) | |||
| ≥3 | 42.41 (8.24) | 93 (68.4) | 0.52 (0.35, 0.79) | |||
| Psychological health status | ||||||
| Psychological distress in recent two weeks | ||||||
| No | 43.08 (8.50) | <0.001 | 779 (72.5) | 0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 46.08 (7.78) | 204 (83.3) | 1.88 (1.31, 2.70) | 2.85 (1.94, 4.19) | ||
| Past cervical cancer screening experience | ||||||
| Heard of cervical cancer screening | ||||||
| No | 46.93 (6.36) | <0.001 | 268 (88.7) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 42.66 (8.75) | 715 (70.3) | 0.30 (0.21, 0.44) | 0.37 (0.25, 0.56) | ||
a
P for t test or one-way ANOVA.
b
P for chi-square test.
c
Variables with P ≤0.10 in the uni-variate analysis were included in the multi-variate logistic regression model.
Bold values indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05).