Table 3.
Pre-procedural anxiety and associated factors among women with PSE (N=2332).
| Variable | STAI-S score (mean, SD) | P value a | The prevalence of anxiety (n, %) | P value b | Uni-variate OR (95%CI) c | Multi-variate OR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristic | ||||||
| Age (year) | ||||||
| <41 | 41.84 (8.94) | 0.018 | 754 (65.7) | 0.033 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| ≥41 | 42.70 (8.46) | 828 (69.9) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Han | 42.25 (8.73) | 0.49 | 1489 (67.8) | 0.79 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Others | 42.78 (8.37) | 93 (68.9) | 1.05 (0.72, 1.53) | |||
| Local household registration | ||||||
| Yes | 40.72 (9.54) | <0.001 | 297 (59.0) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| No | 42.71 (8.42) | 1285 (70.3) | 1.64 (1.34, 2.01) | |||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single/divorced/widow | 41.83 (8.79) | 0.59 | 70 (66.7) | 0.79 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Married | 42.30 (8.71) | 1512 (67.9) | 1.06 (0.70, 1.60) | |||
| Education level | ||||||
| Junior middle school or below | 43.38 (8.06) | <0.001 | 975 (73.8) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Senior middle school | 41.35 (9.20) | 353 (61.4) | 0.56 (0.46, 0.70) | 0.61 (0.49, 0.77) | ||
| College or above | 40.16 (9.40) | 254 (58.3) | 0.50 (0.40, 0.62) | 0.59 (0.45, 0.77) | ||
| Occupation types | ||||||
| Administrator/professional | 40.17 (9.81) | <0.001 | 152 (57.1) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Worker | 43.19 (7.97) | 578 (73.4) | 2.07 (1.55, 2.77) | |||
| Business services personnel | 41.38 (8.86) | 221 (64.4) | 1.36 (0.98, 1.89) | |||
| Housewife/unemployed woman | 42.40 (8.84) | 425 (67.2) | 1.54 (1.15, 2.07) | |||
| Others | 42.53 (8.74) | 206 (67.8) | 1.58 (1.12, 2.22) | |||
| Monthly income (RMB) | ||||||
| <5,000 | 42.81 (8.47) | <0.001 | 1242 (70.6) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ≥5,000 | 40.66 (9.24) | 340 (59.2) | 0.60 (0.50, 0.73) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.92) | ||
| Reproductive health condition | ||||||
| Age at menarche (year) | ||||||
| <12 | 41.63 (8.81) | 0.28 | 49 (69.0) | 0.19 | 1.10 (0.66, 1.84) | |
| 12 to 15 | 42.16 (8.76) | 1191 (66.9) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| ≥16 | 42.81 (8.51) | 342 (71.2) | 1.23 (0.98, 1.53) | |||
| Age at coitarche (year) | ||||||
| <18 | 43.87 (8.49) | 0.092 | 97 (74.6) | 0.23 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 18 to 24 | 42.23 (8.73) | 1147 (67.6) | 0.71 (0.47, 1.07) | |||
| ≥25 | 42.04 (8.69) | 338 (67.1) | 0.69 (0.45, 1.07) | |||
| The number of sexual partners in recent one year | ||||||
| 0 | 43.57 (8.43) | <0.001 | 116 (73.9) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 | 41.95 (8.78) | 1354 (66.2) | 0.69 (0.48, 1.00) | 0.80 (0.54, 1.18) | ||
| ≥2 | 45.89 (6.85) | 112 (85.5) | 2.08 (1.14, 3.81) | 2.11 (1.13, 3.93) | ||
| Consistent condom use during sexual intercourse | ||||||
| No | 42.44 (8.53) | 0.058 | 1341 (68.6) | 0.063 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 41.44 (9.54) | 241 (63.8) | 0.80 (0.64, 1.01) | |||
| Oral contraceptive use | ||||||
| Never | 42.25 (8.68) | 0.71 | 1329 (68.3) | 0.33 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Ever | 42.43 (8.87) | 253 (65.7) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.12) | |||
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | 41.37 (9.08) | <0.001 | 26 (60.5) | 0.001 | 0.87 (0.46, 1.64) | |
| 1 | 41.40 (8.84) | 374 (63.7) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 2 | 42.19 (8.73) | 849 (67.5) | 1.18 (0.96,1.45) | |||
| ≥3 | 43.79 (8.27) | 333 (75.0) | 1.71 (1.30, 2.25) | |||
| Age at first delivery (year) | ||||||
| Nonparous | 41.37 (9.08) | 0.65 | 26 (60.5) | 0.62 | 0.75 (0.39, 1.44) | |
| <18 | 42.55 (8.73) | 757 (69.1) | 1.09 (0.83, 1.44) | |||
| 18 to 24 | 42.30 (8.27) | 193 (67.2) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 25 to 29 | 41.99 (8.87) | 506 (66.5) | 0.97 (0.72, 1.29) | |||
| ≥30 | 42.00 (8.50) | 100 (68.5) | 1.06 (0.69, 1.62) | |||
| Caner history of first-degree relatives | ||||||
| No/unknown | 42.36 (8.66) | 0.15 | 1463 (68.3) | 0.13 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Yes | 41.41 (9.28) | 119 (63.0) | 0.79 (0.58, 1.08) | |||
| Previous diagnosis of vaginitis | ||||||
| No | 42.76 (8.60) | 0.004 | 933 (69.9) | 0.012 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 41.67 (8.82) | 649 (65.0) | 0.80 (0.67, 0.95) | 0.77 (0.64, 0.92) | ||
| Health habit | ||||||
| Active smoking | ||||||
| Never | 42.27 (8.71) | 0.73 | 1558 (67.7) | 0.38 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Ever | 42.81 (9.25) | 24 (75.0) | 1.43 (0.64, 3.20) | |||
| Passive smoking | ||||||
| Never | 42.30 (8.68) | 0.80 | 1337 (68.0) | 0.75 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Ever | 42.18 (8.87) | 245 (67.1) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.22) | |||
| Sitting hours per day | ||||||
| <5 | 41.92 (8.90) | 0.019 | 879 (65.7) | 0.012 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ≥5 | 42.77 (8.43) | 703 (70.7) | 1.25 (1.05, 1.50) | 1.25 (1.03, 1.51) | ||
| Walking steps per day | ||||||
| <5000 | 43.14 (8.61) | <0.001 | 970 (71.7) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| ≥5000 | 41.10 (8.72) | 612 (62.5) | 0.66 (0.55, 0.79) | |||
| Frequency of physical exercise per week | ||||||
| 0 | 44.01 (8.27) | <0.001 | 552 (75.1) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 | 42.84 (8.31) | 483 (70.6) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.01) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | ||
| 2 | 40.86 (8.77) | 301 (60.8) | 0.51 (0.40, 0.66) | 0.66 (0.51, 0.86) | ||
| ≥3 | 40.01 (9.28) | 246 (58.9) | 0.47 (0.37, 0.61) | 0.63 (0.48, 0.83) | ||
| Psychological health status | ||||||
| Psychological distress in recent two weeks | ||||||
| No | 41.30 (8.67) | <0.001 | 1186 (64.1) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 46.05 (7.80) | 396 (82.0) | 2.55 (1.98, 3.27) | 3.00 (2.30, 3.91) | ||
| Past cervical cancer screening experience | ||||||
| The total times of screening participation | ||||||
| 1 | 43.08 (8.48) | <0.001 | 721 (71.0) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 2 | 42.12 (8.60) | 440 (69.0) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.12) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.08) | ||
| ≥3 | 41.23 (9.04) | 421 (62.0) | 0.67 (0.54, 0.82) | 0.67 (0.53, 0.84) | ||
| The time of previous screening | ||||||
| Over 3 years | 41.22 (9.05) | 0.001 | 351 (61.5) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Within 3 years | 42.62 (8.57) | 1231 (69.9) | 1.46 (1.20, 1.77) | 1.58 (1.27, 1.97) | ||
| The result of previous screening | ||||||
| Normal | 41.91 (8.78) | <0.001 | 1154 (65.6) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Abnormal | 42.08 (9.03) | 85 (72.0) | 1.35 (0.89, 2.04) | 1.24 (0.80, 1.92) | ||
| Unknown | 43.75 (8.21) | 343 (75.4) | 1.61 (1.27, 2.03) | 1.42 (1.11, 1.82) | ||
a
P for t test or one-way ANOVA.
b
P for chi-square test.
c
Variables with P ≤0.10 in the uni-variate analysis were included in the multi-variate logistic regression model.
Bold values indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05).