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. 2022 Jul 6;13:887916. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887916

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, He, Li, Xu, Hu, Bian, Xu, Tu, Wu and Wu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Soluble immune checkpoint-related proteins were associated with lung cancer invasion. Soluble immune checkpoint-related proteins level (sCD27, sCD80, sCD137 and sPDL2) were significantly increased in IAC patients. (A) sCD27 level was significantly elevated in IAC patients (vs. AIS patients) (P=1.05E-06). It was also increased in late-stage IAC patients (vs. early-stage) (P=2.93E-04). (B) sCD80 level was significantly elevated in IAC patients, compared to AIS patients (P=4.44E-05). (C) sCD137 level was significantly elevated in IAC patients, compared to AIS patients (P=2.30E-05). It was also increased in late-stage IAC patients (vs. early-stage) (P=0.02), and controls (vs. cancer) (P=0.01). However, the data in late-stage and control is not conceivable due to too many missing values. (D) sPDL2 level was significantly elevated in IAC patients (vs. AIS patients) (P=1.16E-06). It was also increased in controls (vs. cancer) (P=1.49E-05). ** indicates P value < 0.01, *** indicates P value < 0.001, **** indicates P value < 0.0001. NS indicates not significant.