Appendix A: Chinese simplified version of the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) emotion scale.

The scale is a semantic differential scale, consisting of four items for each PAD components. The 9-point Likert scale constitutes of pairwise adjectives. The higher the score is, the higher your perception of pleasure, arousal and dominance is.

	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3	4
Q1. Annoyed										Pleased
Q2. Sleepy										Wide-awake
Q3. Controlled										Controlling
Q4. Melancholic										Contented
Q5. Calm										Excited
Q6. Submissive										Dominant
Q7. Despairing										Hopeful
Q8. Relaxed										Stimulated
Q9. Awed										Important
Q10. Unsatisfied										Satisfied
Q11. Sluggish										Frenzied
Q12. Influenced										Influential

The original PAD emotion scale used in this study was Chinese version, the translation cited here is the adjectives that Mehrabian and Russell (1974) had used to evaluate PAD emotions.