Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| No-complication group (n = 90) | Complication group (n = 60) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative factors | |||
| Age (years), and median (IQR) | 63.0 (51.0–72.0) | 71.0 (60.3–76.0) | 0.009 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 42 (46.7) | 36 (60.0) | 0.134 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 40 (44.4) | 30 (50.0) | 0.510 |
| Diabetes | 22 (24.4) | 10 (16.7) | 0.311 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 11 (12.2) | 16 (26.7) | 0.030 |
| Asthma | 5 (5.6) | 1 (1.7) | 0.403 |
| COPD | 4 (4.4) | 5 (8.3) | 0.485 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1 (1.1) | 3 (5.0) | 0.302 |
| Chronic kidney disease (eGFR ≤ 50) | 9 (10.0) | 12 (20.0) | 0.097 |
| Acute infection | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.7) | 0.999 |
| Autoimmune disease | 7 (7.8) | 4 (6.7) | 0.999 |
| Preoperative use of steroids | 6 (6.7) | 2 (3.3) | 0.477 |
| Preoperative use of heparin | 1(1.1) | 1(1.7) | 0.999 |
| ASA-PS ≥ III | 17 (19.0) | 23 (38.0) | 0.014 |
| Preoperative SOFA score, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.085 |
| Intraoperative factors | |||
| Operative time, min, median (IQR) | 249.5 (159.5–379.5) | 398.5 (291.3–565.0) | < 0.001 |
| Volume of bleeding (mL), median (IQR) | 97.5 (5.0–267.5) | 300 (120.0–888.8) | < 0.001 |
| Fluid balance (mL), median (IQR) | 1432.5 (962.5–2109.5) | 2710.5 (1665.0–3920.8) | < 0.001 |
| SAS, median (IQR) | 7.0 (6.0–8.0) | 6.0 (4.3–7.0) | < 0.001 |
| Postoperative factors | |||
| APACHE II score on admission to the ICU, median (IQR) | 9 (7–11) | 11 (9–14) | 0.003 |
| Postoperative SOFA score, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0–3.0) | 4.0 (2.3–5.8) | < 0.001 |
| ICU stay (days), median (IQR) | 2 (2–2) | 4 (2–6) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital stay (days), median (IQR) | 16.0 (12.8–21.3) | 29.0 (20.0–37.0) | < 0.001 |
| Death within 28-days after surgery, n (%) | 0 | 0 | − |
APACHE II Score Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score, ASA-PS American Society Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, n numbers, SAS surgical Apgar score, SOFA Score Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score