Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of subjective for each phase
| Discoverya) | Verificationb) | Validation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Control | Cancer | p-value | Control | Cancer | p-value | Benign | Cancer | p-value | |
| No. of participants | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 25 | 95 | |||
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| Age (yr) | 54.5 (45.5–56.0) | 74.5 (66.0–80.0) | < 0.01c) | 57.0 (49.5–59.3) | 73.0 (68.0–80.8) | 0.01c) | 66.0 (55.0–79.0) | 72.0 (64.0–77.0) | 0.21c) |
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| Female sex | 3 (50.0) | 2 (33.3) | 1.00d) | 3 (50.0) | 2 (11.1) | 0.08d) | 11 (44.0) | 17 (17.9) | < 0.01d) |
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| Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | 24.8 (22.5–26.7) | 22.7 (22.6–24.6) | 0.55c) | 22.1 (21.1–22.3) | 25.0 (21.0–25.7) | 0.50c) | 22.7 (21.2–25.4) | 24.5 (22.0–26.7) | 0.11c) |
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| Diabetes | 0 | 1 (16.7) | 1.00d) | 0 | 1 (5.6) | 1.00d) | 7 (28.0) | 18 (18.9) | 0.32d) |
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| Hypertension | 1 (16.7) | 3 (50.0) | 0.55d) | 0 | 7 (38.9) | 0.13d) | 9 (36.0) | 44 (46.3) | 0.56d) |
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| Urinalysis abnormality | |||||||||
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| RBC | 1 (16.7) | 2 (33.3) | 1.00d) | 0 | 9 (50.0) | 1.00d) | 21 (84.0) | 72 (75.8) | 0.38e) |
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| WBC | 1 (16.7) | 1 (16.7) | 0.55d) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (27.8) | 1.00d) | 6 (24.0) | 30 (31.6) | 0.46e) |
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| Urine cytology | 0.14e) | 0.01e) | < 0.01e) | ||||||
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| Benign cellular change | 6 (100) | 3 (50.0) | N/A | 6 (100) | 5 (27.8) | N/A | 20 (0.0) | 38 (40.0) | N/A |
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| Atypical cell | 0 | 2 (33.3) | 0 | 7 (38.9) | 5 (20.0) | 29 (30.5) | |||
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| Malignant cell | 0 | 1 (16.7) | 0 | 6 (33.3) | 0 | 28 (29.5) | |||
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| T category | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
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| Benign | N/A | 0 | N/A | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | |||
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| Tis | N/A | 0 | N/A | 4 (22.2) | N/A | 20 (26.3) | |||
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| Ta | N/A | 3 (50.0) | N/A | 6 (33.3) | N/A | 35 (36.8) | |||
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| T1 | N/A | 3 (50.0) | N/A | 3 (16.7) | N/A | 20 (21.1) | |||
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| ≥T2 | N/A | 0 | N/A | 5 (27.8) | N/A | 20 (21.1) | |||
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| Concomitant carcinoma in situ | N/A | 1 (16.7) | N/A | N/A | 5 (27.8) | N/A | N/A | 24 (25.3) | N/A |
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| Grade | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
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| Low grade | N/A | 3 (50.0) | N/A | 0 | N/A | 20 (21.1) | |||
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| High grade | N/A | 3 (50.0) | N/A | 18 (100) | N/A | 75 (78.9) | |||
Values are presented as median (range) or number (%). Control, kidney donor; N/A, not available; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell.
a)
Label-free quantification,
b)
Data-independent acquisition.
c)
Student t test,
d)
Fisher exact test,
e)
Pearson’s chi-square test.