Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study subjects (n=221)
| Variable | WSAS < 11 (n=117) | WSAS ≥ 11 (n=104) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 84 (71.8) | 84 (80.8) | 0.10 |
| Age (yr) | 50.8±12.1 | 49.3±14.6 | 0.40 |
| Marital status, married | 99 (84.6) | 79 (76.0) | 0.10 |
| Duration of illness from cancer diagnosis (yr) | 3.5±3.7 | 3.0±3.3 | 0.34 |
| Cancer type | |||
| Breast | 47 (40.2) | 42 (40.4) | 0.42 |
| Gastro-intestinal and pancreato-biliary | 30 (25.6) | 22 (21.2) | |
| Other | 40 (34.2) | 40 (38.5) | |
| Cancer stage | |||
| 0, I, II, III | 72 (61.5) | 66 (63.5) | 0.17 |
| IV | 17 (14.5) | 21 (20.2) | |
| Unknown or non-TNM staging | 28 (23.9) | 17 (16.3) | |
| Cancer treatment | |||
| Systemic chemotherapy | 54 (46.2) | 45 (43.3) | 0.50 |
| Radiation therapy | 30 (25.6) | 39 (37.5) | 0.08 |
| Hormone therapy | 18 (15.4) | 20 (19.2) | 0.52 |
| Operation | |||
| Operation performed | 80 (68.4) | 73 (70.2) | 0.10 |
| Waiting for operation | 15 (12.8) | 8 (7.7) | |
| Inoperable | 1 (0.9) | 5 (4.8) | |
| Currently no treatment | 27 (23.1) | 23 (22.1) | 0.76 |
| Rating scale scores | |||
| Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | 4.9±4.7 | 10.3±5.2 | < 0.001 |
| Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 | 12.4±4.4 | 16.3±3.5 | < 0.001 |
| Insomnia Severity Index | 8.6±5.6 | 12.3±4.9 | < 0.001 |
| Brief Resilience Scale | 19.8±3.3 | 17.5±3.3 | < 0.001 |
| Cancer-related Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep | 12.0±5.4 | 14.2±4.7 | 0.01 |
| Are you more afraid of COVID-19 than cancer? | 2.7±2.9 | 4.2±3.5 | 0.01 |
| Do you think you are currently depressed or anxious, or do you need help for your mood state? (yes) | 19 (16.2) | 30 (28.8) | 0.03 |
| Have you experienced or been treated for either depression, anxiety, or insomnia? (yes) | 22 (18.8) | 24 (23.1) | 0.28 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; WSAS, Work and Social Adjustment Scale.