Table 3.

Four generative mechanisms of the normalization process theory (adapted from Lloyd et al [34], which is published under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License [35]).

Generative mechanism	Description
Coherence	The sensemaking work that people do individually and collectively when they are faced with the problem of operationalizing some set of practices.
Cognitive participation	The relational work that people do to build and sustain a community of practice around a new technology or complex intervention.
Collective action	The operational work that people do to enact a set of practices, whether these represent a new technology or complex health care interventions.
Reflexive monitoring	The appraisal work that people do to assess and understand the ways that a new set of practices affect them and others around them.