Table 3.

Relation of Alcohol Consumption, Drug Use, and Control Variables to Average Daily Intake of Nutrients Calculated from 24-Hour Recall Interviews

	Average daily alcohol consumption		Average alcohol consumption per drinking occasion		Drinking frequency		Cigarette smoking		Marijuana use		Methamphetamine use		Age		Education		SESa
	β 1	β 2	β 1	β 2	β 1	β 2	β 1	β 2	β 1	β 2	β 1	β 2	β 1	β 2	β 1	β 2	β 1	β 2
Macronutrients
Energy	−0.02		0.04		−0.04		−0.07		−0.08		−0.05		0.02		0.07		0.00
Carbohydrates	−0.03		−0.03		−0.03		0.00		−0.02		−0.05*	−0.05*	0.00		0.04†	0.03	0.03†	0.02
Protein	0.04		0.04		0.03		−0.04		0.00		0.01		−0.05		0.00		0.02
Fat	−0.01		0.02		−0.02		0.00		0.02		0.03		0.01		−0.03		0.00
Polyunsaturated
Fat	0.02		0.07		0.00		−0.02		0.04		0.03		−0.01		−0.01		0.04
Trans fat	−0.06		−0.07†		−0.05		0.02		−0.03		0.00		0.02		0.02		0.03
Cholesterol	0.04		0.04		0.03		−0.01		−0.04		−0.02		−0.03		0.03		0.02
Fiber	0.00		0.00		−0.02		−0.04		−0.01		−0.06†	−0.07†	−0.06†	−0.07†	−0.01		0.01
Minerals
Calcium	−0.02		0.04		−0.06		−0.01		−0.02		−0.04		−0.04		0.00		0.04
Chloride	0.00		0.01		−0.01		0.03		0.01		0.15***		0.05		0.00		−0.04
Copperb	−0.02		0.01		−0.03		−0.07*	−0.07*	−0.01		−0.04		−0.05		0.06†		0.08*	0.08**
Fluoride	0.04		0.04		0.01		0.01		−0.06		−0.01		0.03		0.06		0.02
Lodine	0.02		0.03		0.02		−0.01		−0.04		−0.01		−0.01		−0.03		−0.02
Iron	0.01		0.04		−0.02		−0.04		−0.03		−0.01		0.03		−0.04		0.01
Magnesium	0.04		0.03		0.04		−0.04		−0.02		−0.01		−0.02		−0.01		−0.01
Phosphorus	0.05†	0.07*	0.06*	0.08**	0.04		−0.04		−0.01		−0.02		−0.06*	−0.08**	−0.01		0.01
Potassium	0.00		0.03		0.01		−0.04		−0.03		−0.02		−0.02		−0.01		−0.03
Selenium	0.03		0.02		0.02		−0.01		−0.03		−0.05		0.04		0.04		0.00
Sodium	0.01		0.00		0.01		0.00		0.02		0.05		0.03		−0.02		−0.03
Zinc	0.03		0.04		0.03		−0.03		−0.01		−0.01		−0.04		−0.01		−0.01
Methyl donor-related nutrients
Choline	0.09*		0.05		0.09*		−0.02		−0.04		0.00		−0.03		0.03		−0.01
Folateb	−0.03		0.00		−0.04		−0.06		−0.03		−0.05		0.00		0.04		0.03
Luteinb	−0.01		−0.01		0.00		0.00		−0.02		−0.03		0.03		−0.06		0.02
Methionine	0.04		0.04		0.03		−0.02		0.01		0.00		−0.05		0.03		0.04
Vitamin B12b	0.03		0.12**		0.01		−0.02		0.00		0.01		−0.04		0.03		0.05
B-complex vitamins
Niacin	0.05		0.05		0.05		−0.03		−0.02		−0.02		−0.05		−0.01		−0.03
Riboflavin	0.00		−0.04		0.01		−0.04		−0.07†		0.00		0.02		0.03		−0.01
Thiamin	−0.02		0.01		−0.04		0.00		−0.02		0.01		−0.01		0.01		0.00
Vitamin B6	0.00		0.01		0.00		−0.01		−0.02		0.01		0.06†		0.01		0.00
Antioxidants
Beta caroteneb	−0.05		−0.04		−0.03		−0.04		0.02		0.03		0.08†		−0.04		0.00
Vitamin Ab	−0.06		−0.04		−0.08†		−0.07		0.01		−0.01		0.06		0.02		0.05
Vitamin Cb	−0.05		−0.01		−0.06		−0.07		−0.06		−0.13**	−0.13**	−0.02		0.05		0.11*	0.10*
Vitamin E	−0.01		0.04		−0.02		0.04		0.03		0.00		0.00		0.05		0.03
Other
Vitamin D	0.07†		0.10*		0.04		0.04		0.04		0.01		−0.02		−0.01		0.00
Vitamin Kb	0.00		0.02		−0.01		−0.05		−0.02		−0.01		0.05		−0.02		0.01

β¹ = standardized regression coefficient for the given nutrient from mixed models with repeated measures adjusting for energy intake, except for the outcome energy intake.

β² = standardized regression coefficient for the given nutrient from mixed models with repeated measures adjusting for energy intake (except for the outcome energy intake) and all predictors for which univariate β at p < 0.10.

^aSES = socioeconomic status as measured on the Hollingshead (2011) Four Factor Index of Social Status Scale.

^bNutrient values logged due to skewness >3.0.

^†p < 0.10

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.001.