Table 3.

Variation in ζ₄ (zeta) diversity attributed to geographic separation distance between site clusters (VarDistance) vs. variation in an environmental factor group between the same site clusters (VarFactor).

Metabarcode	Factor group	No. samples	VarFactor (%)	VarDistance (%)	VarUnknown (%)
16S	location	184	0.00	0.29	99.70
16S	topography	184	0.94	0.17	98.90
16S	habitat	156	1.33	0.00	98.70
16S	vegetation	169	5.92	0.00	94.10
16S	Bioclim	184	7.17	0.00	92.20
16S	soil properties	180	9.21	0.00	90.70
18S	location	184	0.14	0.00	99.90
18S	habitat	156	5.49	0.00	94.50
18S	topography	184	7.15	0.00	92.80
18S	Bioclim	184	7.30	0.00	92.70
18S	soil properties	180	15.30	0.00	84.70
18S	vegetation	169	18.50	0.00	81.50
CO1	location	184	0.11	0.22	99.60
CO1	habitat	156	1.86	0.00	98.10
CO1	topography	184	3.30	0.46	96.20
CO1	Bioclim	184	12.00	0.00	88.00
CO1	vegetation	169	18.20	0.31	81.10
CO1	soil properties	180	18.60	0.00	81.30
FITS	topography	184	0.69	0.55	98.70
FITS	location	184	0.93	0.38	98.20
FITS	habitat	156	2.24	0.37	97.10
FITS	Bioclim	184	18.50	0.00	80.40
FITS	soil properties	180	22.40	0.00	77.50
FITS	vegetation	169	32.40	1.05	66.40
PITS	location	184	0.03	0.00	100.00
PITS	Bioclim	184	1.30	0.00	98.70
PITS	habitat	156	2.16	0.00	97.80
PITS	topography	184	2.98	0.03	96.90
PITS	soil properties	180	4.23	0.00	95.70
PITS	vegetation	169	9.00	0.00	91.00

Notes: Within each metabarcode, factor groups were ordered from lowest to highest contributions to variations in zeta diversity. Communities were defined at family levels.