Table 5.

Echocardiographic measurements of 42 pugs subdivided into BOAS- and BOAS+ group

	BOAS-			BOAS+
N = 42	21			21
	mean ± SD	median	range (min - max)	mean ± SD	median	range (min - max)
2-D measurements and SMOD-derived LV volumes
LA [cm]	2.07 ± 0.37	1.99	1.33 - 2.69	1.97 ± 0.35	1.95	1.42 - 2.56
Ao [cm]	1.52 ± 0.13	1.51	1.22 - 1.7	1.53 ± 0.18	1.5	1.25 - 1.95
LA:Ao	1.36 ± 0.18	1.37	0.95 - 1.63	1.29 ± 0.17	1.24	0.97 - 1.61
LVLd [cm]	4.28 ± 0.4	4.27	3.61 - 5.26	4.23 ± 0.52	4.18	3.49 - 5.22
LVWd [cm]	2.64 ± 0.26	2.7	2.14 - 2.97	2.58 ± 0.3	2.62	1.95 - 3.28
SI	1.64 ± 0.17	1.61	1.3 - 1.93	1.66 ± 0.2	1.64	1.33 - 2.17
LVEDV [mL]	19.15 ± 4.32	19.81	11.63 - 26.33	18.03 ± 3.99	18.41	9.5 - 27.25
LVESV [mL]	7.41 ± 2.39	6.75	3.7 - 11.69	7.21 ± 1.87	7.21	3.41 - 11.99
EDVI [mL/m²]	43.93 ± 9.75	44.3	26.61 - 57.71	42.05 ± 6.9	41.94	27.57 - 52.46
ESVI [mL/m²]	17.17 ± 6.15	14.8	8.73 - 29.1	16.97 ± 4.12	16.76	7.09 - 25.7
EDV:BW [mL/kg]	2.14 ± 0.5	2.18	1.29 - 2.88	2.07 ± 0.34	2.05	1.51 - 2.63
ESV:BW [mL/kg]	0.84 ± 0.32	0.71	0.43 - 1.5	0.84 ± 0.22	0.82	0.33 - 1.31
EF [%]	61.03 ± 10.26	61.32	35.9 - 74.51	59.48 ± 7.76	58.53	49.81 - 82.66
M-mode measurements
LV measurements
LVIDd [cm]	2.67 ± 0.22	2.71	2.11 - 3.1	2.56 ± 0.27	2.59	1.94 - 3.19
LVIDs [cm]	1.84 ± 0.29	1.84	1.02 - 2.24	1.84 ± 0.26	1.82	1.46 - 2.43
IVSd [cm]	0.78 ± 0.13	0.8	0.57 - 1.09	0.82 ± 0.2	0.82	0.55 - 1.28
IVSs [cm]	1.03 ± 0.12	1.02	0.82 - 1.25	1.07 ± 0.19	1.08	0.82 - 1.48
LVPWd [cm]	0.8 ± 0.10	0.8	0.66 - 1.02	0.8 ± 0.08	0.82	0.66 - 0.94
LVPWs [cm]	1.13 ± 0.13	1.11	0.89 - 1.41	1.04 ± 0.18	1.05	0.44 - 1.34
FS [%]	30.26 ± 6.7	30.69	17.43 - 41.22	28.06 ± 6.32	26.32	19.09 - 44.86
EPSS [mm]	3.14 ± 1.97	2.6	1.3 - 10.1	3 ± 1.36	3	0.7 - 6.1
RV measurements	(N = 17)			(N = 16)
TAPSE [mm]	9.55 ± 1.31	9.7	7.1 - 12.1	9.88 ± 1.96	9.2	6.8 - 13.4
TAPSE:Ao	0.62 ± 0.08	0.62	0.47 - 0.75	0.65 ± 0.12	0.62	0.48 - 0.81
Doppler measurements
Avel [m/s]	1.4 ± 0.26	1.31	0.92 - 1.84	1.39 ± 0.24	42	0.97 - 1.75
Pvel [m/s]	0.86 ± 0.17	0.85	0.51 - 1.17	0.76* ± 0.11	0.78	0.54 - 0.92
MV E [m/s]	0.82 ± 0.12	0.82	0.62 - 1.08	0.82 ± 0.14	0.78	0.64 - 1.13
MV A [m/s]	0.63 ± 0.14	0.61	0.48 - 1.15	0.59 ± 0.08	0.58	0.43 - 0.73
MV E:A	1.33 ± 0.24	1.36	0.61 - 1.71	1.4 ± 0.32	1.29	1.03 - 2.17
TV E [m/s]	0.71 ± 0.12	0.72	0.43 - 0.9	0.7 ± 0.15	0.69	0.48 - 1.14
TV A [m/s]	0.51 ± 0.14	0.49	0.18 - 0.75	0.49 ± 0.1	0.48	0.35 - 0.71
MV E:A	1.53 ± 0.68	1.42	0.84 - 3.94	1.47 ± 0.36	1.49	0.79 - 2.38

*significantly lower than BOAS- (p = 0.0401)

2-D two-dimensional, Ao aortic root diameter Avel aortic peak velocity, BOAS Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome EF ejection fraction, EDV:BW left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body weight, EDVI indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume to body surface area, ESV:BW left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed to body weight, ESVI indexed left ventricular end-systolic volume to body surface area, EPSS E-Point to septum separation, FS fractional shortening, IVSd/s interventricular septum diastole/systole, LA left atrial diameter, LV left ventricle, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVIDd/s left ventricular internal diameter diastole/systole, LVLd left ventricular length diastole, LVPWd/s left ventricular posterior wall diastole/systole, LVWd left ventricular width diastole, MV A mitral A-wave, MV E mitral E-wave, N number of subjects, Pvel pulmonic peak velocity, RV right ventricle SI sphericity index, SD standard deviation, SMOD Simpson’s modified method of discs, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic motion excursion (n = 33), TV A tricuspid A-wave, TV E tricuspid E-wave