Table 6.

M-Mode values of three interbreed publications compared to normalised values from the present study

		median and RI of interbreed study		exponent	scaled median and RI of pugs (N = 51)		p value
Cornell et al. 2004 [4]	LVIDd	1.53	1.27 - 1.85	0.294	1.4*	1.13 - 1.6	< 0.0001*
(N = 494)	LVIDs	0.95	0.71 - 1.26	0.315	0.93	0.75 - 1.15	0.5682
	IVSd	0.41	0.29 - 0.59	0.241	0.46*	0.34 - 0.65	< 0.0001*
	IVSs	0.58	0.43 - 0.79	0.240	0.6*	0.49 - 0.93	< 0.0001*
	LVPWd	0.42	0.29 - 0.6	0.232	0.48*	0.39 - 0.6	< 0.0001*
	LVPWs	0.64	0.48 - 0.87	0.222	0.68*	0.53 - 0.86	0.0153*
Esser et. al. 2020 [10]	LVIDd	1.38	1.17 - 1.63	0.322	1.28*	1.05 - 1.53	< 0.0001*
(N = 6097)	LVIDs	0.87	0.7 - 1.09	0.346	0.87	0.69 - 1.08	1.0000
	IVSd	0.36	0.27 - 0.49	0.289	0.41*	0.31 - 0.59	0.0006*
	IVSs	0.51	0.38 - 0.68	0.276	0.55*	0.46 - 0.81	0.0002*
	LVPWd	0.4	0.3 - 0.53	0.261	0.46*	0.37 - 0.56	< 0.0001*
	LVPWs	0.6	0.46 - 0.78	0.247	0.64*	0.48 - 0.81	0.0046*
Visser et al. 2019 [9]	LVIDd	1.4	1.2 - 1.64	0.299	1.38	1.12 - 1.63	0.5758
(N = 122)	LVIDs	0.73	0.55 - 0.96	0.062	0.79*	0.63 - 0.99	0.0006*

IVSd/s Interventricular septum diastole/systole, LVIDd/s Left ventricular internal diameter diastole/systole, LVPWd/s Left ventricular posterior wall diastole/systole, N Number of subjects per study, RI Reference interval (95% prediction interval)

all parameters in cm; median and RI for pugs are calculated from measurements of the 51 pugs included in the present study, scaled with the corresponding exponents for each publication; comparison of medians with sign test, significant p values highlighted with an asterisk (*).