Table 5.
Angiogenesis
| Active components | Biomaterials | Experimental model | Efficacy | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icariin | CPC | rBMSC, 20 µM; OVX rat calvarial defect model | Up-regulating VEGF and ANG1 | [143] |
| SMC-PHBHHx scaffold | BMSC, 10−6 mol/L; rat calvarial defects model | Up-regulating VEGF, and FGF | [20] | |
| 45S5 Bioglass | rADSC, 10−7 mol/L; rat calvarial defects model | Up-regulating VEGF | [144] | |
| Icaritin | PLGA/TCP | BMSC, BMC 0.052: 100 (powder weight to solution volume); rat calvarial defect model | Up-regulating OCN | [145] |
| PLGA/TCP | Rabbit ulnar segmental bone defect | N/A | [148] | |
| PLGA/TCP | rBMSC, 1 µM; SAON rabbit both distal and proximal femur defect model | MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/eNOS-dependent signal pathways | [146, 147] | |
| Hydroxy safflower yellow A | BG | rBMSCs, HUVECs; rat calvarial defects model | Up-regulating HIF-1α | [96] |
| Silibinin | Zn | C3H10T1/2, MG-63; 60 µM; 3, 7 d | Up-regulating VEGF and ANG1 | [120] |
| Resveratrol | PEGDA/TCS Hydrogel | rBMSCs, HUVECs, 800 µM; rat tibia defect model | Up-regulating CD31 | [84] |
| PLGA microsphere | hMSCs, hTHP-1 monocytes, 25 µM | Up-regulating VEGF | [108] |