. 2021 Oct 20;100(4):454–461. doi: 10.1111/aos.15016

Table 2.

(A) Analyses of eye and skin pigmentation as factor in the mean refractive outcome, following a double dose of cyclopentolate 1% (C + C; N = 201) and one dose of cyclopentolate 1% and one dose of tropicamide 1% (C + T; N = 202); a linear mixed model approach with a between‐ and within‐subject design, with subjects with a light iris colour and light skin pigmentation receiving C + T as the reference group. Difference in mean spherical equivalent (SEQ) in dioptres is displayed. (B) Results after adding 47 dark‐irided subjects to the model

A Spherical equivalent Clustered groups Dark–Very Dark InterventionIris colourSkin pigmentation	N ^c	Mean SEQ ± SD ^d	Mean SEQ difference	SE	95% CI		p
	N ^c	Mean SEQ ± SD ^d	Mean SEQ difference	SE	Lower bound	Upper bound	p
C + C^a Dark*Dark	44		−1.96	0.32	−2.60	−1.33	0.000
C + C^a Dark*Medium	36		−1.16	0.34	−1.83	−0.48	0.001
C + C^a Dark*Light	12		−0.67	0.51	−1.67	+0.34	0.191
C + C^a Medium*Medium	22		−0.72	0.40	−1.51	+0.07	0.074
C + C^a Medium*Light	35		−0.17	0.35	−0.85	+0.51	0.623
C + C^a Light*Light	52		−0.12	0.31	−0.73	+0.49	0.702
C + T^b Dark*Dark	44		−1.55	0.32	−2.18	−0.91	0.000
C + T^b Dark*Medium	46		−0.90	0.32	−1.53	−0.27	0.005
C + T^b Dark*Light	6		+0.27	0.69	−1.08	+1.62	0.696
C + T^b Medium*Medium	22		−0.64	0.40	−1.44	+0.15	0.112
C + T^b Medium*Light	28		−0.17	0.37	−0.90	+0.56	0.639
C + T^b Light*Light	56	+3.10 ± 1.87	0 ^e	0.00

B Spherical equivalent +47 Dark‐irided subjects InterventionIris colourSkin pigmentation	N ^c	Mean SEQ ± SD ^d	Mean SEQ difference	SE	95% CI		p
	N ^c	Mean SEQ ± SD ^d	Mean SEQ difference	SE	Lower bound	Upper bound	p
C + C^a Dark*Dark	56		−1.84	0.30	−2.42	−1.26	0.000
C + C^a Dark*Medium	51		−1.26	0.30	−1.85	−0.66	0.000
C + C^a Dark*Light	32		−0.74	0.34	−1.41	−0.06	0.032
C + C^a Medium*Medium	22		−0.72	0.39	−1.49	+0.06	0.069
C + C^a Medium*Light	35		−0.18	0.34	−0.84	+0.49	0.599
C + C^a Light*Light	52		−0.12	0.30	−0.71	+0.47	0.693
C + T^b Dark*Dark	56		−1.53	0.30	−2.10	−0.95	0.000
C + T^b Dark*Medium	61		−1.02	0.29	−1.59	−0.45	0.000
C + T^b Dark*Light	26		−0.55	0.37	−1.27	+0.17	0.131
C + T^b Medium*Medium	22		−0.64	0.39	−1.42	+0.13	0.103
C + T^b Medium*Light	28		−0.18	0.36	−0.89	+0.53	0.619
C + T^b Light*Light	56	+3.10 ± 1.87	0 ^e	0

^{^a}

C + C: two drops of cyclopentolate 1%.

^{^b}

C + T: one drop of cyclopentolate 1% and one drop of tropicamide 1%.

^{^c}

Number of measurements.

^{^d}

SEQ ± SD: spherical equivalent and standard deviation in dioptres.

^{^e}

Reference group.