TABLE 1.

Examples of African swine fever virus (ASFV) viral genes modulating interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation.

Viral gene	Effect on virulence	Mechanism of action	References
S2736	Unclear	Inhibition of the IKKε/STING interaction through IKKε binding. Involved in pyroptosis modulation	Luo et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2022
MGF-505-7R	Deletion leads to attenuation in the HLJ/18 strain	Upregulation of ULK1 and degradation of STING through autophagy. Interaction with IKKα inhibiting NF-κB activation	Li et al., 2021a,b
I267L	Deletion leads to attenuation in the CN/GS/201 strain	Inhibition of Riplet-mediated K63-polyubiquitination and activation of Rig-I	Ran et al., 2022
MGF-360-9L	Deletion leads to attenuation in the CN/GS/201 strain	Degradation of STAT1 and STAT2	Zhang et al., 2022
MGF-360-11L	Unclear	Degradation of TBK1 and IRF7	Yang et al., 2022
MGF-360-14L	Unclear	Degradation of IRF3 through TRIM21-mediated K63-ubiquitination	Wang Y. et al., 2021
MGF-505-11R	Unclear	Degradation of STING	Yang et al., 2021c
MGF-360-12L	Deletion leads to attenuation in Georgia strain	Blocks interaction between importins and NF-κB	Zhuo et al., 2021; Rathakrishnan et al., 2022
K205R	Unclear	Stimulation of p65 nuclear translocation. Involved in ER stress and autophagy	Wang Q. et al., 2022
E120R	Unclear	Interaction with IRF3 blocking its activation	Liu H. et al., 2021
DP96R	Deletion leads to attenuation in some (but not all) strains	Inhibition of TBK1 phosphorylation	Wang et al., 2018; Ramirez-Medina et al., 2019
A238L	Deletion in the E70 isolate has no effect	IκBα homolog binding inhibiting NF-κB translocation. Interaction with CBP	Powell et al., 1996; Granja et al., 2006; Silk et al., 2007; Salguero et al., 2008

For the indicated ASFV genes is indicated the effect on virulence (e.g., when deleted from virulent strains), the proposed mechanism of action and the references.