Table 6.

Association between flavonoids from cocoa-based products (mg/day) and adiposity parameters.

Adiposity parameters	Q1 (<12.1)	Q2 (12.1–32.0)	Q3 (32.1–53.2)	Q4 (53.3–83.8)	Q5 (>83.8)	P-for trend
		(OR, 95% CI)	(OR, 95% CI)	(OR, 95% CI)	(OR, 95% CI)
BMI ≥ 85th to <95th percentile	1	1.17 (1.11; 1.22)	0.94 (0.86; 1.03)	0.93 (0.51; 1.71)	0.52 (0.20; 1.35)	0.023
BMI ≥ 95th percentile	1	1.11 (0.76; 1.61)	2.86 (2.40; 3.41)	1.41 (1.22; 1.62)	0.96 (0.63; 1.45)	0.908
WC ≥ 90th percentile	1	0.52 (0.34; 0.80)	1.48 (1.16; 1.87)	0.83 (0.61; 1.14)	0.79 (0.68; 0.93)	0.520
WHtR ≥ 0.5	1	0.97 (0.54; 1.74)	1.14 (0.91; 1.42)	0.96 (0.68; 1.36)	0.60 (0.33; 1.09)	<0.001
%FM ≥ 85th percentile	1	0.79 (0.69; 0.90)	1.95 (1.45; 2.62)	1.02 (0.53; 1.98)	1.02 (0.53; 1.98)	0.736
FMI ≥ 75th percentile	1	0.75 (0.49; 1.14)	1.59 (1.42; 1.77)	0.92 (0.74; 1.16)	0.56 (0.14; 2.22)	0.859

Q, quintiles of flavonoids from cocoa-based products; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; %FM, body fat percentage; FMI, fat mass index.

Statistical analyses were conducted using multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model. The fixed effects were gender, age, Tanner maturation stage, physical activity, parental education, intake of energy, breakfast cereals, pastries, sugar-sweetened beverages, meat, processed meat, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and extra olive oil. Municipalities and schools were included as random effects. P-for trend were obtained using orthogonal contrasts test. P < 0.05 are considered statistically significant.

Significant differences are bolded.