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. 2022 Jul 6;13:903438. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903438

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Copyright © 2022 Basak, Maitra, Khan, Saha, Bhattacharya, Dutta and Bhattacharya.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Treatment with Caps enhances autophagosome formation. (A) Electron microscopic (TEM) pictures showed the presence of autophagosome formation in control and Caps-treated HT-29 cells for 4 h. Zoomed images of the marked area. Scale bar: 2 μm. Graphical representation of % autophagosome formation as observed in TEM. Unpaired t-test was performed. (B) Confocal microscopic images of GFP-LC3B transfected intestinal cells (HT-29) showed LC3B puncta (green) formation. Briefly, cells were transfected with GFP-LC3B plasmid, then treated with Caps for 4 h, and visualized under a confocal microscope. Graph representing the percentage of LC3B puncta formation. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Unpaired t-test was performed. Graphs generated using GraphPad Prism 5 were represented as mean ± SEM (n = 3); significance was calculated; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.