Table 1.
Phytogeographic kingdoms (in bold) and their historical circumscriptions.
| Engler (1879, 1882) | Diels (1908) | Good (1947) | Takhtajan (1978) | Cox (2001) | Morrone (2015) | Our proposal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere | Arcto‐Tertiary | Arcto‐Tertiary | Holarktis | Holarctic | Holarctic | Holarctic | Holarctic |
| Holotropical | Holotropical | ||||||
| Old World tropics | Palaeotropical | Palaeotropical | Palaeotropis | Palaeotropical | African | Palaeotropical subkingdom | |
| Cape region here | Cape region here | ||||||
| New Zealand here | Indo‐Pacific | ||||||
| New World tropics | Neotropical | Neotropical | Neotropis | Neotropical | South American | Neotropical subkingdom | |
| Subantarctic islands here | |||||||
| Temperate and cold regions of the Southern Hemisphere | Ancient Ocean | Antarctic | Antarktis | Antarctic | Austral |
Austral Antarctic subkingdom |
|
| New Zealand here | Patagonia, New Zealand and southeast Australia here | ||||||
| Australian | Australis | Australian | Australian | Australian subkingdom | |||
| New Zealand here | New Zealand here | ||||||
| Cape region in South Africa | Cape | Capensis | Cape |