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. 2021 Nov 23;305(7):1563–1591. doi: 10.1002/ar.24820

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© 2021 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for Anatomy.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Lateral view of scapulae. a, Cinclus cinclus (Cinclidae, White‐throated Dipper; USNM 637549); b, Catharus guttatus (Turdidae, Hermit Thrush; BM; uncatalogued); c, Pinguinus impennis (Alcidae, Great Auk; USNM 623465; modified from Smith (2011a, fig. A2.22); d, Eudyptes chrysolophus (Spheniscidae, Macaroni Penguin; AMNH 5974; modified from Ksepka and Clarke (2010, fig. 24; not to scale). Anatomical abbreviations: acr, acomion; gf, glenoid facet; sb, scapular blade. Scale bars for Cinclus and Pinguinus = 25 mm. Scale bar for Catharus = 1 cm