FIGURE 20.

Skulls of a, Catharus guttatus (Turdidae, Hermit Thrush, USNM 634096); b, Aplonis atrifusca (Sturnidae, Samoan Starling, USNM 498061); and c, Cinclus mexicanus (Cinclidae, American Dipper, USNM 630605) in left lateral view (based on surface renders of μCT scan data) with the brain endocast and endosseous labyrinth superimposed in position. The lateral semicircular canals are oriented horizontally showing the natural alert posture of the head (Witmer et al., 2008) and the rotation of the brain to accommodate the large eyeball within the orbit. Scale bar = 1 cm