TABLE 1.
Characteristics for participants with MDD who did (N = 124) and did not (N = 315) seek help.
| Characteristics | Total n (%) | Help-seeking n (%) | Non-help-seeking n (%) | χ2 | p | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Gender | Male | 125 (28.5) | 22 (17.7) | 103 (32.7) | 9.773 | 0.002** |
| Female | 314 (71.5) | 102 (82.3) | 212 (67.3) | |||
| Resident region | Rural | 138 (31.4) | 34 (27.4) | 104 (33.0) | 1.293 | 0.256 |
| Urban | 301 (68.6) | 90 (72.6) | 211 (67.0) | |||
| Age range | 55+ | 231 (52.6) | 54 (43.5) | 177 (56.2) | 8.454 | 0.015* |
| 40–54 | 137 (31.2) | 41 (33.1) | 96 (30.5) | |||
| 18–39 | 71 (16.2) | 29 (23.4) | 42 (13.3) | |||
| Years of education | 0–6 | 174 (39.6) | 39 (31.5) | 135 (42.9) | 14.989 | 0.002** |
| 7–9 | 138 (31.4) | 34 (27.4) | 104 (33.0) | |||
| 10–12 | 79 (18.0) | 28 (22.6) | 51 (16.2) | |||
| 13+ | 48 (10.9) | 23 (18.5) | 25 (7.9) | |||
| Marital status | Married | 295 (67.2) | 83 (66.9) | 212 (67.3) | 0.005 | 0.941 |
| Never married/divorce/lose spouse | 144 (32.8) | 41 (33.1) | 103 (32.7) | |||
| Employment status | Unemployed/lost job/retired | 205 (46.7) | 49 (39.5) | 156 (49.5) | 3.704 | 0.157 |
| Employed | 182 (41.5) | 57 (46.0) | 124 (39.4) | |||
| Housewife | 53 (12.1) | 18 (14.5) | 35 (11.1) | |||
| Income group | Below median or do not know | 272 (61.9) | 71 (57.3) | 201 (63.8) | 1.620 | 0.203 |
| Above median | 167 (38.1) | 53 (42.7) | 114 (36.2) | |||
| Living status | Alone | 86 (19.6) | 19 (15.3) | 67 (21.3) | 1.998 | 0.158 |
| Not alone | 353 (80.4) | 105 (84.7) | 248 (78.7) | |||
| Mental health characteristics | ||||||
| GHQ-12 score | <4 | 204 (46.5) | 55 (44.4) | 149 (47.3) | 1.755 | 0.185 |
| ≥4 | 235 (53.5) | 69 (55.6) | 166 (52.7) | |||
| GAF disability | Moderate to severe | 156 (35.5) | 43 (34.7) | 113 (35.9) | 0.089 | 0.766 |
| Mild | 283 (64.5) | 81 (65.3) | 202 (64.1) | |||
| Comorbid anxiety disorders | No | 393 (89.5) | 98 (79) | 295 (93.7) | 20.270 | < 0.001** |
| Yes | 46 (10.5) | 26 (21) | 20 (6.3) | |||
| Comorbid substance use disorders | No | 400 (91.1) | 113 (91.1) | 287 (91.1) | <0.001 | 0.995 |
| Yes | 39 (8.9) | 11 (8.9) | 28 (8.9) | |||
| Comorbid organic mental disorders | No | 423 (96.4) | 118 (95.2) | 305 (91.8) | 0.702 | 0.402 |
| Yes | 16 (3.6) | 6 (4.8) | 10 (3.2) | |||
| Age of onset# | 55+ | 135 (31.3) | 31 (25.0) | 104 (33.0) | 3.444 | 0.179 |
| 40–54 | 147 (34.1) | 42 (33.9) | 105 (33.3) | |||
| 18–39 | 149 (34.6) | 49 (39.5) | 100 (31.7) | |||
#Percentages do not sum to 100% due to missing data (total sample is 431, and there is 8 missing data). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.