Table 1.
Summary of the included studies and the detail of intervention and measurement.
| Reference | Subjects | Age (years) | Type of interventions | Time of interventions | Outcomes measures | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | T | C | T | C | |||
| Chen et al. (15) | 11 | 11 | 52.9 ± 11.1 | 52.6 ± 8.3 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Sham - iTBS + routine rehabilitation | 5d/wk, 2wk | MAS, FMA-UE, ARAT, BBT, MAL |
| Ackerley et al. (24) | 9 | 9 | (21–80) | (38–79) | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Sham - iTBS + routine rehabilitation | 5d/wk, 2wk | FMA-UE, ARAT |
| Liao et al. (32) | 22 | 21 | 55.86 ± 9.12 | 59.52 ± 13.11 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation + medical therapy | Routine rehabilitation + medical therapy | 6d/wk, 2wk | FMA-UE, MAS, MBI |
| Sung et al. (16) | 12 | 14 | 64.2 ± 11.9 | 63.1 ± 12.8 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Sham - iTBS + routine rehabilitation | 5d/wk, 4wk | FMA-UE, WMFT, RMT, MEP amplitude, MEP latency |
| Watanabe et al. (31) | 8 | 6 | 72.5 ± 6.5 | 75.2 ± 5.5 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Sham - iTBS + routine rehabilitation | 10 consecutive days | FMA-UE, MAS, MEP amplitude |
| Volz et al. (25) | 13 | 13 | 69.69 ± 12.99 | 64.69 ± 13.26 | iTBS intervention over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) + routine rehabilitation | iTBS intervention over the parieto-occipital vertex + routine rehabilitation | 5 consecutive days | The relative grip strength, JTT |
| Hsu et al. (17) | 6 | 6 | 56.8 ± 6.8 | 62.3 ± 8.5 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation + medical therapy | Sham - iTBS + routine rehabilitation + medical therapy | 10 consecutive days | UE-FMT, ARAT, NIHSS, AMT, RMT, MEP amplitude |
| Tang et al. (26) | 8 | 8 | 53.75 ± 10.77 | 55.62 ± 14.55 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Sham - iTBS + routine rehabilitation | 5d/wk, 2wk | FMA-UE, MSS, BI, RMT |
| Yu et al. (27) | 15 | 14 | 51.60 ± 12.78 | 55.57 ± 9.43 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Routine rehabilitation | 5d/wk, 2wk | FMA-UE, MAS, MBI, MMSE, RMT |
| Jiang et al. (28) | 13 | 13 | 61.31 ± 11.25 | 51.843 ± 11.58 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation + medical therapy | Routine rehabilitation + medical therapy | 10 consecutive days | FMA-UE, ARAT, MBI, MEP amplitude, MEP latency |
| Chen et al. (18) | 16 | 16 | 57.38 ± 8.04 | 51.44 ± 9.19 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Sham - iTBS + routine rehabilitation | 5d/wk, 2wk | MAS, MTS, SWV, MEP amplitude, MEP latency |
| Chen(2) et al. (19) | 12 | 11 | 54.36 ± 10.56 | 48.95 ± 9.63 | iTBS + VCT | Sham - iTBS + VCT | 5d/wk, 3wk | MAS, FMA-UE, ARAT, BBT |
| Zhang et al. (29) | 12 | 12 | - | - | iTBS + RAT + routine rehabilitation | Sham - iTBS + RAT + routine rehabilitation | 3-5d/wk, 2-3wk | FMA-UE, ARAT, EEG |
| Ding et al. (30) | 15 | 15 | 65.1 ± 11.9 | 61.1 ± 12.1 | iTBS | Sham - iTBS | - | FMA-UE, ARAT, EEG |
| Kim et al. (20) | 15 | 60.7 ± 8.7 | iTBS and sham- iTBS were separated by a 1-week | - | MAS, MTS | |||
| Talelli et al. (21) | 13 | 12 | 54.4 ± 15.8 | 58.5 ± 12.0 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Sham - iTBS + routine rehabilitation | 5d/wk, 2wk | ARAT, BI, JTT, 9HPT, VAS |
| Li et al. (22) | 4 | 4 | 57.28 ± 14.69 | 55.72 ± 14.12 | iTBS + electroacupuncture | Sham - iTBS + electroacupuncture | 5 consecutive days | FMA-UE, RMT |
| Zhou et al. (23) | 6 | 6 | 62.67 ± 8.52 | 47.33 ± 17.94 | iTBS + routine rehabilitation | Routine rehabilitation | 5d/wk, 2wk | FMA-UE, NIHSS, MBI, RMT, MEP amplitude, MEP latency |
FMA–UE, Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity; BI, Barthel Index; MBI, Modified Barthel Index; NIHSS, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; WMFT, Wolf motor function test; BBT, Box and Block test; RMT, Resting exercise threshold; AMT, Active exercise threshold; MAS, modified Ashworth scale; ARAT, the action research arm test; MAL, the motor activity log; MSS, motor status scale; NHPT, the nine hole peg test; JTT, Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test; MTS, Modified Tardieu Scale; SWV, Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography; VCT, virtual reality-based cycling training; RAT, Robot-assisted training; EEG, electroencephalography; VAS, visual analog scale.