TABLE 2.
Additional diagnostic test results in children with AFM and GBS
| Procedure | AFM, n = 26 | GBS, n = 156 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| LP | |||
| LP performed, n (%) | 23/26 (89) | 143/154 (93) | ns |
| Time onset weakness–LP, days, median (IQR, full range) a | 1 (1–2, 4) | 6 (4–9, 32) | <0.001 |
| Raised protein level, n (%) b | 12/17 (71) | 111/141 (79) | ns |
| Protein concentration in CSF, g/L, median (IQR, full range) c | 0.44 (0.30–0.59, 1.39) | 0.76 (0.43–1.61, 7.57) | 0.004 |
| Leukocyte number in CSF, median (IQR, full range) d | 79 (25–149, 414) | 4 (1–9, 133) | <0.001 |
| CSF leukocyte count ≤ 5, n (%) | 3/20 (15) | 86/133 (65) | <0.001 |
| CSF leukocyte count 5–50, n (%) | 5/18 (28) | 40/133 (30) | ns |
| CSF leukocyte count ≥ 50, n (%) | 11/18 (61) | 5/133 (4) | <0.001 |
| Cytoalbuminologic dissociation, n (%) e | 3/16 (19) | 99/132 (75) | <0.001 |
| MRI, n (%) | |||
| MRI performed | 24/24 (100) | 16/113 (14) | <0.001 |
| MRI lesions brainstem | 18/24 (75) | 1/8 (13) | np |
| MRI lesion spinal cord | 19/23 (83) | 0/8 (0) | np |
| MRI nerve root thickening | 5/21 (24) | 3/7 (43) | np |
| NCS | |||
| NCS performed, n (%) | 11/26 (42) | 96/120 (80) | <0.001 |
| Time onset weakness–NCS, days, median (IQR, full range) f | 6 (4–9, 14) | 9 (5–14, 36) | ns |
| Normal, n (%) | 1/11 (10) | 8/94 (9) | np |
| Equivocal, n (%) | 4/10 (40) | 16/85 (19) | np |
| Unresponsive, n (%) | 0/10 (0) | 1/85 (1) | np |
| AMAN, n (%) | 5/10 (50) | 8/85 (9) | np |
| AMSAN, n (%) | 0/10 (0) | 2/85 (2) | np |
| AIDP, n (%) | 0/10 (0) | 50/85 (59) | np |
Where p > 0.05, this is mentioned as ns. Due to small patient numbers, not all items were compared (mentioned as np).
Abbreviations: AFM, acute flaccid myelitis; AIDP, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; AMAN, acute motor axonal neuropathy; AMSAN, Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GBS, Guillain–Barré syndrome; IQR, interquartile range; LP, lumbar puncture; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NCS, nerve conduction studies; np, not performed; ns, not significant.
The information on onset weakness and performing LP was available for 15 patients from the AFM cohort and for 117 patients from the GBS cohort.
Raised protein was defined as a protein level of >0.65 g/L for the age of 1–3 months, >0.37 g/L for 3–6 months, >0.35 g/L for 6–12 months, >0.31 g/L for 1–10 years, and >0.49 g/L for 10–18 years.
The information on protein concentration in CSF was available for 15 AFM patients and 138 GBS patients.
The information on the number of leukocytes in CSF was available for 18 AFM patients and 133 GBS patients.
Cytoalbuminologic dissociation: protein level > the age dependent reference values and leukocytes < 50.
In 52 patients from the GBS cohort, the information for onset of weakness and NCS was missing.