TABLE 3.
Clinical Cardiac Features of the Patient Cohort
| Case | Age at Cardiac Exam | 12‐Lead ECG | Holter | TTE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 a | 16 yr | Normal (HR = 68 bpm, PR < 200 ms, QRS < 120 ms, QTc < 460 ms) | NA | Normal |
| 2 a | 43 yr | Normal (HR = 75 bpm, PR = 160 ms, QRS = 60 ms, QTc = 390 ms) | NA | NA |
| 3 | 36 yr | Normal including an optimal cardiac stress test (HR = 75 bpm, PR = 114 ms, QRS = 78 ms, QTc = 389 ms) | Normal (24‐h monitoring with rare SVES) | Normal |
| 4 | 32 yr | Normal (HR = 79 bpm, PR = 140 ms, QRS < 80 ms, QTc < 440 ms) | Normal (24‐h monitoring with rare SVES) | Normal |
| 5 | 29 yr | Normal (HR = 80 bpm, PR = 180 ms, QRS = 60 ms, QTc = 362 ms) | Normal (24‐h monitoring with rare SVES and 1 VES) | Normal (isolated subtle type I mitral regurgitation) |
| 6 | 47 yr | Subnormal; isolated incomplete right bundle branch block (HR = 62 bpm, PR = 180 ms, QRS = 100 ms, QTc = 360 ms) | Normal (8‐day monitoring with rare VES) | Normal (isolated ventricular septal aneurysm) |
| 7 | 28 yr | Normal (HR = 78 bpm, PR = 144 ms, QRS = 106 ms, QTc = 424 ms) | NA | NA |
| 8 | 47 yr | Normal (HR = 61 bpm, PR = 142 ms, QRS = 80 ms, QTc = 422 ms) | NA | NA |
| 9 | 51 yr, 60 yr | 51 yr: normal (HR = 60 bpm); 60 yr: junctional rhythm (HR = 52 bpm, QRS = 86 ms, QTc = 407 ms) | NA | NA |
| 10 | 41 yr | Normal with incomplete right bundle branch block (HR = 66 bpm, PR = 164 ms, QRS = 100 ms, QTc = 448 ms) | NA | NA |
| 11 | 59 yr | Normal (HR = 71 bpm, PR = 152 ms, QRS = 76 ms, QTc = 434 ms); 24‐h monitoring: HR = 80 bpm; positive tilt testing: mild sympathetic failure and orthostatic intolerance | NA | NA |
| 12 | 46 yr | Normal (HR = 70 bpm, borderline left axis deviation, PR = 170 ms, borderline T‐wave abnormalities, QTc = 413 ms) | NA | NA |
| 13 | 35 yr, 45 yr | 35 yr: normal (HR = 68 bpm, PR = 176 ms, QRS = 88 ms) | Normal | 45 yr: normal |
| 14 | 23 yr | Normal (HR = 64 bpm, PR = 140 ms, QRS = 90 ms, QTc = 418 ms) | NA | NA |
| 15 | 50 yr | Normal (HR = 70 bpm, PR = 154 ms, QRS = 86 ms, QTc = 403 ms); cardiac computed tomography: angiogram for chest pain, normal | NA | NA |
| 16 a | 18 yr | Normal (HR = 50 bpm, PR = 136 ms, QRS < 120 ms, QTc < 450 ms) | NA | NA |
a
Succumbed to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
bpm = beats per minute; ECG = electrocardiogram; HR = heart rate; NA = not assessed; QTc = corrected QT; SVES = supraventricular extrasystole; TTE = Transthoracic echocardiography; VES = ventricular extrasystole.