Table 5. Summary of the major classification studies on colon cancer.

Authors in	Dataset used	CNN architecture	Accuracy	T-test/p-value
Stoean (2020)	colorectal in Stoean (2020)	CNN model from scratch	92%	P < 0.0001
Popa (2021)	colorectal in Stoean et al. (2016)	AlexNet	89.53%	P < 0.0001
Stoean et al. (2016)	colorectal in Stoean et al. (2016)	GoogleNet	85.62%	P < 0.0001
Postavaru et al. (2017)	colorectal in Stoean et al. (2016)	CNN model from scratch	91%	P < 0.0001
Proposed E-CNN (product rule)	colorectal in Stoean et al. (2016)	Modified TL models with ensemble learning (using product rule)	95.20%
Proposed E-CNN (Majority voting)	colorectal in Stoean et al. (2016)	Modified TL models with ensemble learning (using majority voting)	94.52%

Notes.

Best results are shown in bold.