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. 2022 Jul 7;8:e1021. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1021

Table 1. Research instruments for all latent independent variables.

Variables Measurement items Code Source
Perceived Security Policy Awareness I know the rules and regulations prescribed by the security policy of my university. pspa1 (Bulgurcu, Cavusoglu & Benbasat, 2010)
I understand the rules and regulations prescribed by the security policy of my university. pspa2
I know my responsibilities as prescribed in the security policy to enhance the information security of my university. pspa3
Privacy Concerns User online privacy is really a matter of users’ right to exercise control and autonomy over decisions about how their information is collected, used, and shared. pc1 (Malhotra, Kim & Agarwal, 2004)
I believe that online privacy is invaded when control is lost or unwillingly reduced as a result of a marketing transaction. pc2
Companies seeking information online should disclose the way the data are collected, processed, and used. pc3
It is very important to me that I am aware and knowledgeable about how my personal information will be used. pc4
When online companies ask me for personal information, I sometimes think twice before providing it. pc5
I’m concerned that online companies are collecting too much personal information about me. pc6
Attitudes toward ICT for Teaching & Research I like using ICT for teaching or conducting research. att1 (Ng, 2012)
ICT makes teaching or conducting research more interesting. att2
I am more motivated to teach or to conduct research with ICT. att3
There is a lot of potential in the use of mobile technologies (e.g., smartphones, tablets) for teaching and research. att4
Digital Literacy I know how to solve my own technical problems. dl1 (Ng, 2012)
I can learn new technologies easily. dl2
I know about a lot of different technologies. dl3
I am confident with my search and evaluate skills in regard to obtaining information from the Web. dl4
I am familiar with issues related to web-based activities e.g., cyber safety, search issues, plagiarism. dl5
ICT enables me to collaborate better with their peers on project work and other learning activities. dl6
I frequently obtain help with my university work from my friends over the Internet e.g., through email, social media, or Videoconference. dl7
Familiarity How familiar are you with Blackboard Collaborate Ultra? fam1 Developed by the authors
How much do you use Blackboard Collaborate Ultra? fam2
Have you read the terms & agreements of Blackboard Collaborate Ultra? fam3