TABLE 2.

Five‐year and 10‐year relative survival ^a of children (0‐17 years) and AYAs (18‐39 years) diagnosed with AML (excl. APL and ML‐DS) in the Netherlands between 1990 and 2015, overall and by subgroup

	5‐year relative survival (1990‐2015)									10‐year relative survival (1990‐2009) b
	Total			Children (0‐17 years)			AYAs (18‐39 years)			Total			Children (0‐17 years)			AYAs (18‐39 years)
	N	%	SE	N	%	SE	N	%	SE	N	%	SE	N	%	SE	N	%	SE
Overall	1821	47.8	1.2	612	57.5	2.0	1209	42.9	1.4	1435	41.8	1.3	473	51.2	2.3	962	37.1	1.6
Sex
Male	935	46.9	1.6	341	55.5	2.7	594	42.0	2.0	738	40.4	1.8	270	48.3	3.0	468	35.7	2.2
Female	886	48.8	1.7	271	60.0	3.0	615	43.8	2.0	697	43.3	1.9	203	55.1	3.5	494	38.5	2.2
Period of diagnosis
1990‐1999	751	39.5	1.8	229	48.8	3.3	522	35.4	2.1	751	36.9	1.8	229	47.1	3.3	522	32.4	2.1
2000‐2009	684	49.3	1.9	244	56.2	3.2	440	45.4	2.4	684	47.1	1.9	244	55.0	3.2	440	42.7	2.4
2010‐2015	386	61.6	2.5	139	74.1	3.7	247	54.5	3.2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
P trend		<.001			<.001			<.001			<.001			.04			.001
Site of primary treatment
Nonacademic hospital	287	35.0	2.8	44	36.4	7.3	243	34.7	3.1	249	29.4	2.9	43	37.3	7.4	206	27.7	3.1
Academic hospital	1534	50.2	1.3	568	59.1	2.1	966	45.0	1.6	1186	44.4	1.5	430	52.6	2.4	756	39.7	1.8
Therapy
Chemo	1731	49.7	1.2	587	59.3	2.0	1144	44.8	1.5	1357	43.6	1.4	451	53.0	2.4	906	38.9	1.6
SCT	732	53.3	1.9	150	53.4	4.1	582	53.2	2.1	551	48.0	2.1	130	51.7	4.4	421	46.8	2.5

Note: Statistically significant P values (P < .05) are displayed in bold.

Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; APL, acute promyelocytic leukemia; AYAs, adolescents and young adults; ML‐DS, myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome; SCT, stem cell transplantation; SE, standard error.

^a Expected probabilities of survival were estimated using the Ederer II method.

^b 10‐year relative survival could not be estimated for the most recent period 2010 to 2015 due to incomplete follow‐up.