Do not use the following for the treatment of COVID‐19 * :
•Azithromycin •Hydroxychloroquine	•Subcutaneous or intravenous interferon‐β‐1a	•Lopinavir–ritonavir
Do not use the following disease modifying treatments for the treatment of COVID‐19 outside of randomised trials with appropriate ethics approval: *
•Aprepitant •Baloxavir marboxil •Bamlanivimab •Baricitinib •Bromhexine hydrochloride •Chloroquine •Colchicine •Combined metabolic cofactor supplementation (CMCS) •Convalescent plasma •Darunavir–cobicistat •Dutesteride	•Favipiravir •Fluvoxamine •Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells •Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin •Immunoglobulin plus methylprednisolone •Inhaled interferon‐β‐1a •Interferon‐β‐1b •Interferon‐Ɣ •Interferon‐κ plus TFF2 •Ivermectin •Intravenous immunoglobulin	•N‐acetylcysteine •Peginterferon‐λ •Recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor •REGN COV2 •Ruxolitinib •Sarilumab •Sofosbuvir–daclatasvir •Telmisartan •Tocilizumab •Triazavirin •Umifenovir •Vitamin D (calcifediol– cholecalciferol) •Other disease‐modifying treatments
Special considerations for older people living with frailty and those receiving palliative care:
Trials are needed in special populations, including older people living with frailty and those receiving palliative care, for treatments currently recommended only in the context of randomised controlled trials with appropriate ethics approval. Until further evidence is available, do not use these disease‐modifying treatments to treat COVID‐19 in these populations unless they are eligible to be enrolled in trials. As older people living with frailty or cognitive impairment are particularly at risk from COVID‐19, we encourage trials that include this population (with appropriate baseline measurement of frailty and cognitive impairment). In people requiring palliative care, trials should consider symptom management and quality of life outcomes. Because the benefit to harm ratio is uncertain, acceptability may vary due to individual decision making around goals of care. Given the absence of trials and uncertain benefit to harm ratio, this recommendation protects these more vulnerable populations.

^*The primary panel for the recommendations is the Disease‐Modifying Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis Panel. Recommendations are reviewed by the Guidelines Leadership Group and approved by the Steering Committee before being published. In addition, all are reviewed by the Consumer Panel.