TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of COACH participants
|
Per‐protocol (n = 519) |
Type 1 (n = 345) |
Type 2 (n = 174) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| Mean (SD) | 50.3 (16.1) | 45.2 (15.9) | 60.5 (11.0) |
| Median | 52.0 | 43.0 | 62.0 |
| Min, Max | 18, 86 | 18, 83 | 20, 86 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Male | 281 (54.1%) | 181 (52.5%) | 100 (57.5%) |
| Female | 238 (45.9%) | 164 (47.5%) | 74 (42.5%) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.1%) |
| Asian | 8 (1.5%) | 3 (0.9%) | 5 (2.9%) |
| Black or African American | 27 (5.2%) | 12 (3.5%) | 15 (8.6%) |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| White | 468 (90.2%) | 326 (94.5%) | 142 (81.6%) |
| Multiple races/other | 13 (2.5%) | 3 (0.9%) | 10 (5.7%) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 56 (10.8%) | 26 (7.5%) | 30 (17.2%) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 459 (88.4%) | 316 (91.6%) | 143 (82.2%) |
| Not reported | 4 (0.8%) | 3 (0.9%) | 1 (0.6%) |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 22.1 (13.4) | 24.0 (14.8) | 18.4 (8.8) |
| Median | 20.0 | 23.0 | 17.0 |
| Min, Max | 0, 71 | 0, 71 | 1, 50 |
| Type of diabetes | |||
| Type 1 | 345 (66.5%) | 100% | 0% |
| Type 2 | 174 (33.5%) | 0% | 100% |
| Number of years on insulin | |||
| Mean (SD) | 19.4 (14.4) | 23.9 (15.0) | 10.5 (7.5) |
| Median | 16.0 | 23.0 | 9.3 |
| Min, Max | 0.4, 71.0 | 0.6, 71.0 | 0.4, 33.0 |
| SMBG frequency (per day) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.0 (2.3) | 4.5 (2.5) | 3.0 (1.6) |
| Median | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
| Min, Max | 0, 24 | 0, 24 | 0, 8 |
| Primary insulin delivery method | |||
| CSII | 154 (29.7%) | 140 (40.6%) | 14 (8.0%) |
| MDI | 365 (70.3%) | 205 (59.4%) | 160 (92.0%) |
| HbA1c mmol/mol | |||
| Mean (SD) | 64 (15.3) | 64 (15.3) | 64 (17.5) |
| Median (IQR) | 62 | 62 | 61 |
| Min, Max | 28, 143 | 30, 114 | 28, 143 |
| HbA1c % | |||
| Mean (SD) | 8.0 (1.4) | 8.0 (1.4) | 8.0 (1.6) |
| Median (IQR) | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 |
| Min, Max | 4.7, 15.2 | 4.9, 12.6 | 4.7, 15.2 |
| Gold score ≥ 4 | 169/516 (32.8%) | 114/343 (33.2%) | 55/173 (31.8%) |
| Recent hypoglycaemic event | 31/519 (6.0%) | 25/345 (7.2%) | 6/174 (3.4%) |
| Recent DKA event | 9/519 (1.7%) | 7/345 (2.0%) | 2/174 (1.1%) |