TABLE 2.
Multivariable regression using the binary approach for both outcomes: in‐hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS)
| Scale | Mortality | LOS | Low <3 (n died (%)) | High ≥3 (n died (%)) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariable regression | ||||||
| OR | 95% CI | Exp(B) | 95% CI | |||
| ABC 6 | 1.39 | 1.11–1.72 | 1.08 | 1.04–1.11 | 25,348 (778 (3.1%)) | 1744 (125 (7.2%)) |
| AEC 7 | 1.49 | 1.17–1.87 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.03 | 25,512 (814 (3.2%)) | 1580 (99 (6.3%)) |
| ACB 9 | 1.55 | 1.32–1.80 | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | 22,013 (630 (2.9%)) | 5079 (283 (5.6%)) |
| AIS 8 | 1.58 | 1.37–1.82 | 1.07 | 1.06–1.09 | 19,343 (507 (2.6%)) | 7749 (406 (5.2%)) |
| CABS 10 | 1.35 | 1.09–1.65 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | 24,820 (770 (3.1%)) | 2272 (143 (6.3%)) |
| Chew 12 | 1.37 | 1.12–1.66 | 1.12 | 1.09–1.15 | 24,534 (768 (3.1%)) | 2558 (145 (5.7%)) |
| AAS 14 | 1.34 | 1.11–1.62 | 1.01 | 0.98–1.04 | 24,381 (748 (3.1%)) | 2711 (165 (6.1%)) |
| ARS 21 | 1.92 | 1.50–2.42 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.05 | 25,821 (816 (3.2%)) | 1271 (97 (7.6%)) |
| ACL 22 | 1.53 | 1.23–1.88 | 1.12 | 1.09–1.15 | 24,979 (794 (3.2%)) | 2113 (119 (5.6%)) |
| CrAS 15 | 1.85 | 1.57–2.18 | 1.12 | 1.10–1.14 | 23,319 (675 (2.9%)) | 3773 (238 (6.3%)) |
| ADS 11 | 2.13 | 1.80–2.51 | 1.16 | 1.13–1.19 | 23,919 (691 (2.9%)) | 3173 (222 (7.0%)) |
| SCDL 23 | 3.03 | 2.56–3.57 | 1.12 | 1.09–1.14 | 23,790 (677 (2.8%)) | 3302 (236 (7.1%)) |
| PI 19 | 1.32 | 1.05–1.64 | 1.00 | 0.97–1.03 | 24,955 (791 (3.2%)) | 2137 (122 (5.7%)) |
| CI 19 | 1.35 | 1.07–1.69 | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 | 25,086 (795 (3.2%)) | 2006 (118 (5.9%)) |
| GABS 18 | 1.51 | 1.31–1.74 | 1.08 | 1.06–1.10 | 18,586 (487 (2.6%)) | 8506 (426 (5.0%)) |
| DS 13 | 1.86 | 1.61–2.14 | 1.11 | 1.09–1.13 | 19,302 (477 (2.5%)) | 7790 (436 (5.6%)) |
| BAADS 20 | 1.69 | 1.46–1.95 | 1.07 | 1.05–1.09 | 18,949 (473 (2.5%)) | 8143 (440 (5.4%)) |
| KABS 17 | 1.65 | 1.42–1.91 | 1.08 | 1.06–1.10 | 21,416 (597 (2.8%)) | 5676 (316 (5.6%)) |
| ATS 24 | 2.22 | 1.72–2.84 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 26,137 (821 (3.1%)) | 955 (92 (9.6%)) |
| DRS 16 | 1.66 | 1.43–1.93 | 1.11 | 1.09–1.13 | 21,398 (598 (2.8%)) | 5694 (315 (5.5%)) |
Note: Far‐left column: individual ABS; two columns on the far right: absolute number of patients and percentage of prevalence of in‐hospital deaths for each group. Multivariable analysis is adjusted for age, sex, dementia, delirium, congestive heart failure, hemiplegia/paraplegia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatic diseases, diabetes, liver disease, cancer, renal disease, cerebrovascular disease, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, peptic ulcer and categorical C‐reactive protein. For the univariable analysis and analysis adjusted only for age and sex; see supporting information Tables S4.1 and S4.2. For LOS, the back‐transformed estimate coefficient to the power of e is depicted as Exp(B) and can be interpreted as ABC Exp(B): 1.04, 4% longer hospitalisation stay.
Abbreviations: AAS, Anticholinergic Activity Scale; ABC, Anticholinergic Burden Classification; ACB, Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale; ACL, Anticholinergic Loading Scale; ADS, Anticholinergic Drug Scale; AEC, Anticholinergic Effect on Cognition; AIS, Anticholinergic Impregnation Scale; ARS, Anticholinergic Risk Scale; ATS, Anticholinergic Toxicity Scale; BAADS, Brazilian Anticholinergic Activity Drug Scale; CABS, Cancelli's Anticholinergic Burden Scale; CI, Clinical Index; CrAS, Clinician‐rated Anticholinergic Scale; DRS, Delirogenic Risk Scale; DS, Duran Scale; GABS, German Anticholinergic Burden Scale; KABS, Korean Anticholinergic Burden Scale; PI, Minzenberg's Pharmacological Index; SCDL, Summer's Class of Drug List.