Table 3.
Comparison between different nanotechnologies of face masks.
| Type of Mask | Examples | Preparation | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanoparticle-coated | Au nanoparticle | Chemical reduction | Prevents the virus from attaching. | Gurunathan et al. (2020) |
| Ag nanoparticle | Electrochemical | Virus attachment and penetration are inhibited. | Deng et al. (2022) | |
| AgO nanoparticle | Algae biosynthesised | Reduction in cytopathic effect. | El-Sheekh et al. (2022) | |
| Cu nanoparticle | Coating | Destroys virus membranes | Kumar et al. (2020) | |
| CuO nanoparticle | Surface modification | Degrade the entire genome and destroy the stability of the virus’s coating. | Borkow et al. (2010) | |
| TiO 2 | Sonochemical | Destroys lipid membranes of viruses and blocks attachment | Akhtar et al. (2019) | |
| Metal organic framework (MOF) | Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) | Chemical | ZIF-8 can destroy viruses by releasing reactive oxygen species as a result of photocatalytic action. | Li et al. (2019) |
| ZIF-8 nanocrystal | Hot pressing | Dominant disinfection behaviour | Chua et al. (2020) | |
| Electrospun | Polymeric air filter with thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers | Electrospinning | Capable of efficiently eliminating PM 2.5 up to 99.654% while maintaining 60% optical transparency in the material | Liang et al. (2019) |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile and polycaprolactone nanocomposites |
Electrospinning | Withstand water cleaning and alcohol sterilisation | Xu Tian et al. (2019) |