FIGURE 5.

Pathophysiology and behavioral consequences of altered astrocyte‐neuron communication at PP‐GC synapses. Local leukocyte infiltration and tissue inflammation as in the course of multiple sclerosis (EAE mouse model) elevates TNFα levels selectively in the dorsal hippocampus (a). In turn, the cytokine, by stimulating TNFR1 on the astrocytes, triggers excessive astrocyte glutamate release, which results in alterations of PP‐GC synaptic transmission, ultimately responsible for contextual fear memory impairment ([b], details in Habbas et al., ²⁰¹⁵). The authors hold the copyright to reproduce panels 5 from Habbas et al., Cell ²⁰¹⁵