TABLE 4.
Comparison of multi‐plane echocardiographic parameters by incidence of significant post‐operative right ventricular failure (>7 days inotropic support or RVAD implantation)
| Right ventricular failure (n = 7) | No right ventricular failure (n = 18) | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 63.2 ± 5.1 | 57.2 ± 6.7 | 0.045 |
| Gender (male) | 6 (85.6) | 13 (72.2) | 0.48 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 3.9 | 26.0 ± 5.3 | 0.66 |
| Sinus rhythm | 2 (28.5) | 13 (72.2) | 0.05 |
| Ischemic etiology | 3 (42.8) | 7 (38.8) | 0.86 |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mm Hg) | 36.5 [27.8–40.8] | 26.5 [20.3–31.8] | 0.15 |
| Multi‐plane RV echo parameters | |||
| TAPSE lateral wall (mm) | 13.2 ± 4.1 | 17.5 ± 4.1 | 0.027 |
| TAPSE anterior wall (mm) | 13.0 ± 3.7 | 17.1 ± 4.3 | 0.037 |
| TAPSE inferior wall (mm) | 10.5 ± 4.6 | 15.4 ± 4.1 | 0.020 |
| TAPSE inferior coronal wall (mm) | 9.8 ± 4.6 | 13.3 ± 5.0 | 0.15 |
| TAPSE four‐wall average wall (mm) | 11.1 ± 3.4 | 15.9 ± 4.0 | 0.016 |
| RV‐S’ lateral wall (cm/s) | 7.9 [7.7–11.0] | 9.8 [8.4–12.4] | 0.35 |
| RV‐S’ anterior wall (cm/s) | 8.8 [6.3–9.7] | 9.9 [8.4–13.2] | 0.14 |
| RV‐S’ inferior wall (cm/s) | 5.8 [5.3–9.6] | 9.8 [7.4–11.0] | 0.047 |
| RV‐S’ inferior coronal wall (cm/s) | 6.6 [5.0–9.1] | 9.8 [6.9–10.2] | 0.11 |
| RV‐S’ four‐wall average wall (cm/s) | 7.3 [6.2–9.7] | 10.0 [7.8–11.8] | 0.09 |
| RV‐LS Lateral wall | −9.7 ± 2.8 | −13.1 ± 4.3 | 0.10 |
| Right heart 2D echo parameters | |||
| RV basal dimension (mm) | 53.7 ± 10.0 | 43.9 ± 6.7 | 0.009 |
| RV mid dimension (mm) | 39.1 ± 9.5 | 31.8 ± 5.9 | 0.027 |
| RVOT1 dimension (mm) | 44.7 ± 6.6 | 40.0 ± 5.4 | 0.08 |
| FAC (%) | 21.8 ± 7.1 | 32.1 ± 11.9 | 0.045 |
| RA area (cm2) | 31.2 ± 9.0 | 21.5 ± 6.8 | 0.008 |
| ≥ Moderate TR | 5 (71.4) | 5 (27.7) | 0.045 |
| TRvel (cm/s) | 2.8 ± .2 | 2.9 ± .7 | 0.78 |
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| Deaths | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |
| Acute kidney injury | 6 (85.7) | 6 (33.3) | 0.019 |
| RVAD implantation | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
| ICU stay (days) | 28.0 [10.0–43.0] | 4.0 [3.0–9.3] | 0.006 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 59.0 [22.0–86.0] | 28.0 [21.0–39.3] | 0.15 |
Data presented as mean ± SD, median [IQR] or n (%).
Abbreviations: TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RV‐S’, tricuspid annular systolic velocity by tissue Doppler imaging; RV‐LS, right ventricular wall longitudinal strain; RVAD, right ventricular assist device.