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. 2022 Jul 20;8:27. doi: 10.1038/s41526-022-00208-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The net linear acceleration stimulating the otoliths, during off-axis centrifugation, is the vector sum of the gravitational (Ag) and centripetal acceleration (Ac), termed the Gravito-Inertial Acceleration (GIA). When GIA was interpreted as the spatial vertical during centrifugation, the cosmonaut should experience a sensation of 45° tilt (Reprinted from ref. ⁸ with permission of Macmillan Publishers Ltd, copyright 2015).