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. 2022 Jul 7;13:919674. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919674

Figure 3.

Figure 3

TGF-β + GM-CSF–induced MDSCs can effectively suppress cytokine production in the stimulated T cells and cause an increase in the number of Tregs. GM-CSF–induced and TGF-β + GM-CSF–induced MDSCs co-cultured with the stimulated T cell (stimulated cell–to–MDSC ratio = 1:1/2) for 3 days followed by adding PMA and ionomycin for stimulation. Typical samples of FCM analysis conducted for levels of the cytokine produced by the T cells in (A) and (B). The percentages of CD4+and CD8+ T cells producing IL-2 and IFN-γ (C) and TNF-α and IFN-γ (D), respectively, with or without induced MDSCs in the culture system have been summarized. (E) Typical samples of FCM analysis for CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in the culture system with or without the induced MDSCs. (F, G) The percentages and numbers of Tregs in the co-culture have been summarized. The data have been shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3) and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA analysis, which were collected from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 upon comparison between the different groups. ns, no significance.