Table 1.

Summary of circulating molecules that are elevated in periodontitis and involved in hematopoietic tissue adaptation.

No.	Molecules	Action on hematopoietic tissue adaptation	References
1.	IL-1β	Promotes myeloid differentiation and self-renewal of HSPCs	(95, 97–99)
2.	TNF-α	Promotes survival of HSPCs and myeloid differentiation Induces myeloid progenitor apoptosis	(100)
3.	IL-6	Enhances myelopoiesis by elevating MPPs and CMPs	(101)
4.	Type 1 IFN	Mediates trained granulopoiesis with hyper-responsive neutrophils	(102)
5.	IFN-γ	Promotes HSC self-renewal and myeloid differentiation	(103)
6.	G-CSF	Drives granulopoiesis Promotes GMP expansion and granulocyte lineage specification	(104) (105)