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. 2022 Jul 7;9:873923. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.873923

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Copyright © 2022 Raghubar, Pham, Tan, Grice, Crawford, Lam, Andersen, Yoon, Teoh, Matigian, Stewart, Francis, Ng, Healy, Combes, Kassianos, Nguyen and Mallett.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Annotation of functional structures within patient D. (A) H&E image and a zoomed-in region of interest (ROI) of the pathologist's annotation of glomeruli and large vasculature. (B) The spatial organization of the KNN clusters was mapped to the H&E tissue images, presented in a UMAP and a zoomed-in ROI of clustering. (C) The spatial organization of the consensus-based label transfer results was mapped to the H&E tissue images, in a UMAP, a simple bar chart, and a zoomed-in ROI of consensus-based label transfer. A zoomed-in ROI stained with mIF (red = anti-CD31 for endothelial cells, green = anti-AQP1 for proximal tubule cells, and blue = DAPI for nuclei) demonstrates the abutting nature of functional structures within the cortical kidney tissue. (D) Further deconvolution demonstrates the distribution and proportions of functional structures within the cortical kidney tissue which are mapped to the H&E image, presented as a simple pie chart and a zoomed-in ROI. For the annotation of functional structures within patients A, B, and C cortical kidney tissue, see Supplementary Figure 1.