Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to non-HDL-C levels.
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dl | P -value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | <100 | 100–129 | 130–159 | 160–189 | 190–219 | ≥220 | ||
| N | 12,574 | 1,298 | 2,690 | 3,644 | 2,786 | 1,400 | 756 | |
| Age, years | 44.29 ± 16.37 | 36.87 ± 16.98 | 41.77 ± 17.42 | 45.24 ± 16.47 | 46.79 ± 15.43 | 46.93 ± 14.10 | 47.26 ± 12.92 | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | |||||||
| White | 5,562 (44.23%) | 534 (41.14%) | 1,138 (42.30%) | 1,671 (45.86%) | 1,230 (44.15%) | 626 (44.71%) | 363 (48.02%) | |
| Black | 2,539 (20.19%) | 437 (33.67%) | 663 (24.65%) | 685 (18.80%) | 461 (16.55%) | 185 (13.21%) | 108 (14.29%) | |
| Other | 4,473 (35.57%) | 327 (25.19%) | 889 (33.05%) | 1,288 (35.35%) | 1,095 (39.30%) | 589 (42.07%) | 285 (37.70%) | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||||||
| Lower than high school | 3,565 (28.35%) | 322 (24.81%) | 738 (27.43%) | 977 (26.81%) | 863 (30.98%) | 417 (29.79%) | 248 (32.80%) | |
| High school | 3,027 (24.07%) | 330 (25.42%) | 645 (23.98%) | 863 (23.68%) | 644 (23.12%) | 361 (25.79%) | 184 (24.34%) | |
| More than high school | 5,982 (47.57%) | 646 (49.77%) | 1,307 (48.59%) | 1,804 (49.51%) | 1,279 (45.91%) | 622 (44.43%) | 324 (42.86%) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.09 ± 5.69 | 25.30 ± 5.21 | 26.92 ± 5.94 | 28.47 ± 5.84 | 29.04 ± 5.37 | 29.29 ± 4.96 | 29.44 ± 4.91 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 124.19 ± 16.20 | 120.82 ± 15.59 | 122.57 ± 15.83 | 124.33 ± 16.35 | 125.22 ± 16.35 | 126.02 ± 15.49 | 127.92 ± 16.89 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 72.83 ± 11.86 | 68.65 ± 11.77 | 70.76 ± 11.60 | 72.77 ± 11.89 | 74.34 ± 11.25 | 75.41 ± 11.65 | 77.21 ± 11.86 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 6,673 (53.07%) | 660 (50.85%) | 1,378 (51.23%) | 1,888 (51.81%) | 1,456 (52.26%) | 810 (57.86%) | 481 (63.62%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 765 (6.08%) | 68 (5.24%) | 171 (6.36%) | 208 (5.71%) | 171 (6.14%) | 85 (6.07%) | 62 (8.20%) | 0.116 |
| Hypertension | 2,921 (23.23%) | 217 (16.72%) | 568 (21.12%) | 867 (23.79%) | 695 (24.95%) | 359 (25.64%) | 215 (28.44%) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 99 (0.79%) | 8 (0.62%) | 26 (0.97%) | 22 (0.60%) | 27 (0.97%) | 9 (0.64%) | 7 (0.93%) | 0.428 |
| Stroke | 178 (1.42%) | 9 (0.69%) | 33 (1.23%) | 57 (1.56%) | 41 (1.47%) | 23 (1.64%) | 15 (1.98%) | 0.133 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 86.46 ± 34.07 | 87.25 ± 33.31 | 86.99 ± 31.75 | 85.80 ± 26.28 | 86.57 ± 30.04 | 86.60 ± 55.42 | 85.77 ± 38.44 | 0.689 |
| Haemoglobin, g/l | 15.23 ± 1.18 | 14.82 ± 1.30 | 15.07 ± 1.24 | 15.24 ± 1.16 | 15.35 ± 1.11 | 15.46 ± 1.05 | 15.54 ± 1.14 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.58 ± 0.99 | 5.33 ± 0.72 | 5.46 ± 0.84 | 5.55 ± 0.89 | 5.63 ± 0.94 | 5.75 ± 1.18 | 6.08 ± 1.67 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 124.04 (82.04–198.02) | 66.01 (49.00–92.06) | 92.06 (66.98–131.04) | 122.00 (86.03–176.05) | 156.02 (108.00–231.07) | 196.07 (134.05–293.09) | 265.58 (178.09–456.62) | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dl | 199.05 ± 42.07 | 139.13 ± 20.04 | 167.38 ± 16.61 | 192.14 ± 15.25 | 218.15 ± 14.29 | 245.97 ± 13.75 | 290.67 ± 42.03 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 47.84 ± 14.00 | 55.01 ± 17.04 | 51.57 ± 15.05 | 47.56 ± 13.19 | 44.94 ± 11.96 | 43.74 ± 11.35 | 41.96 ± 10.90 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 121.54 ± 35.37 | 69.56 ± 12.96 | 95.66 ± 12.49 | 118.73 ± 14.48 | 142.30 ± 14.99 | 165.13 ± 16.73 | 202.66 ± 38.87 | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dl | 151.21 ± 43.54 | 84.13 ± 12.14 | 115.81 ± 8.54 | 144.57 ± 8.65 | 173.22 ± 8.48 | 202.23 ± 8.50 | 248.70 ± 41.75 | <0.001 |
| Energy intake, kcal | 2,562.21 ± 1,148.91 | 2,698.28 ± 1,208.16 | 2,599.52 ± 1,201.38 | 2,554.34 ± 1,129.65 | 2,497.82 ± 1,080.05 | 2,537.78 ± 1,172.34 | 2,516.30 ± 1,127.45 | <0.001 |
| Protein intake, gm | 98.00 ± 49.24 | 100.23 ± 53.75 | 99.25 ± 51.72 | 97.09 ± 47.13 | 96.43 ± 47.57 | 99.31 ± 48.32 | 97.44 ± 49.75 | 0.088 |
| Carbohydrate intake, gm | 307.40 ± 147.76 | 326.10 ± 155.89 | 310.65 ± 152.37 | 308.76 ± 148.86 | 299.71 ± 137.13 | 301.92 ± 151.54 | 295.73 ± 138.69 | <0.001 |
| Total fat intake, gm | 94.34 ± 53.27 | 97.27 ± 55.11 | 95.99 ± 55.48 | 93.91 ± 52.47 | 92.72 ± 50.79 | 93.45 ± 53.11 | 93.17 ± 54.83 | 0.073 |
| All-cause mortality | 1,174 (9.34%) | 115 (8.86%) | 258 (9.59%) | 312 (8.56%) | 277 (9.94%) | 134 (9.57%) | 78 (10.32%) | 0.381 |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 184 (1.46%) | 21 (1.62%) | 39 (1.45%) | 41 (1.13%) | 41 (1.47%) | 23 (1.64%) | 19 (2.51%) | 0.101 |
Non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N, number; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Values are expressed as the mean ± SD, the median with interquartile range or n (%).