Table 2.
Laser parameters of the studies included in the narrative review.
| References |
Type
brand |
Wavelength | Mode (CW/Pulse) | Format (fiber, array) | Contact or distance | Power output (mW) | Irradiance (mW/cm2) | Spots/area | Time/site | Time/session | Repetitions | Fluence/site | Fluence/session | Total fluence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bensadoun et al. [5] | Low-energy He-Ne laser (Fradama Geneva, Switzerland) |
632.8 nm | CW | Fiber | 0.5 mm | 60 mW | NS | 1 cm2/point 9 points | 33 s per spot (Nice and Marseilles) 80 s per spot (Reims) |
5 min/session (Nice and Marseilles) 12 min/session (Reims) |
5 days/week (Monday to Friday) for 7 consecutive weeks | 2 J/cm2 | 18 J | 3 J/cm2 |
| Arun Maiya et al. [6] | He-Ne laser (Electro care Ltd. Laser 2001, India) | 632.8 nm | NS | Fiber | NS | 10 mW | NS | NS | NS | 3 min/session | 5 days/week | 1.8 J/cm2 | NS | NS |
| Lopes et al. [7] | InGaAlP laser | 685 nm | NS | Fiber | Contact | 50 mW (nominal power) 35 mW (real power) | Diameter of 400 μm | 0.028 cm2 19 points |
ns | 58 s | 10 days | 2 J/point | NS | 70 J/cm2 |
| Arora et al. [8] | He-Ne laser (Electro Care Ltd, Laser 2001, Chennai, India) | 632.8 nm | Pulse (10 Hz) for 8 days, then CW for 25 days | Scanner for 8 days, fiber for the following 25 days | Distance | 10 mW | NS | NS | 5 min/site on 6 sites | First 8 days: 5 mins supine position, following 25 days: 30 min | 33 sessions | 1.8 J/cm2 | NS | NS |
| Simões et al. [9] | Low Power Laser: InGaAlP diode laser (Twin Flex III Evolution, MMOptics® Ltda, São Carlos, Brazil) Combined Low/High Power Lasers: GaAlAs diode laser (Soft Lase, Zap Laser Ltd, Pleasant Hill, CA) |
Low Power Laser: 660 nm Combined Low/High Power Lasers: 808 nm |
CW | Fiber | Non-contact 1 cm from the lesion |
40 mW | Low Power Laser: 40 mW/cm2 Combined Low/High Power Lasers: 1 W/cm2 |
0.036 cm2 | Low Power Laser: 6 s per 62 points Combined Low/High Power Lasers: 10 s on ulcers |
Low Power Laser: 372 s Combined Low/High Power Lasers: ns |
1–3 times/week for 8 months | Low Power Laser: 0.24 J/point | Low Power Laser: 6 J/cm2 | Low Power Laser: 3.8 J/cm2 |
| Zanin et al. [10] | AlGaInP diode laser (Bio Wave-Kondortech, São Carlos, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 30 mW | NS | 1 cm2, 18 points | NS | NS | Twice weekly | 2 J/cm2 | NS | NS |
| Lima et al. [11] | Diode laser (Laser Unit KM 3000; DMC, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) | 830 nm | CW | Fiber | NS | Nominal: 60 mW Effective: 15 mW | 75 mW/cm2 | 0.2 cm2 | 160 s 12 sites |
NS | Daily session (Monday–Friday) since the first day up to the end of RT | 12 J/cm2 | 28.8 J/session | NS |
| Carvalho et al. [12] | InGaAlP diode laser (Twin laser MMOptics, MMOptics Ltda., São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | NS | G1: 15 mW G2: 5 mW |
G1: 375 mW/cm2 G2: 125 mW/cm2 |
0.04 cm2 | G1: 10 s G2: 10 s |
NS | Daily session (Monday–Friday) since the first day up to the end of RT | G1: 3.8 J/cm2; G2: 1.3 J/cm2 | NS | NS |
| Oton-Leite et al. [13] | InGaAlP diode laser (Thera Lase; DMC Equipments Ltda, Sao Carlos, Brazil) | 685 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 35 mW | NS | 59 points | NS | NS | 1/day for 5 consecutive days on 59 sites (a week before the beginning of RT/CT until the end of the treatment) | 2 J/cm2 | NS | NS |
| Gautam et al. [14] | Low level He–Ne laser (Technomed Electronics: Advanced Laser Therapy 1000) | 632.8 nm | CW | Fiber | Non-contact | 24 mW | 24 mW/cm2 | Spot size: 1 cm2 | 150–200 s 6 points |
15–20 min/session 45 sessions |
5 times/week prior to RT for 45 days | 3 J/point | 36–40 J/session | 1,620–1,800 J/cm2 |
| Gouvêa de Lima et al. [15] | GaAlAr diode laser (Twin Flex, MMOptics, São Carlos, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | ns | 10 mW | 2.5 J/cm2 | 4 mm2 | 10 s per point | 90 s | 5 consecutive days (Monday–Friday) during all RT sessions | 0.1 J | 0.9 J | 2.5 J/cm2 |
| Gautam et al. [16] | He/Ne laser (Technomed Electronics, Advanced Laser Therapy 1000, Chennai, India) | 632.8 nm | CW | Fiber | Non-contact (<1 cm) | 24 mW | 2.12 W/cm2 | 0.6 mm 6 sites |
14.5 min | 145 s | Daily for 6.5 weeks | NS | NS | 3.5 J/cm2 |
| Oton-Leite et al. [17] | InGaAlP diode laser (Thera Laser, DMC Equipments Ltd., Sao Carlos, Brazil) | 685 nm | CW | Fiber | 2 mm distant from the tissue | 35 mW | NS | 60 points 0.028 cm2 |
25 s/point | 25 min/session | Start a week before the RT, daily for 5 consecutive days until the end of the RT | 0.8 J per point | 48 J/session | Min: 1,416 J Max: 1,888 J |
| Antunes et al. [18] | InGaAlP diode laser (DMC, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 100 mW | NS | 0.24 cm2 9 areas |
10 s | 12 min | Once daily, 5 times/week | 4 J/cm2 | 72 J/session | NS |
| Gautam et al. [19] | He-Ne laser (Technomed Electronics Advanced Laser Therapy 1000) | 632.8 nm | NS | Fiber | NS | 24 mW | 24 mW/cm2 | 1 cm2 | 125 s on 6 sites | 750 s/session | 5 times/week | 3 J/cm2 | 18 J/session | NS |
| Gobbo et al. [20] | Eltech.S.r.l. GaAlAs diode laser |
970 nm | 2 Hz, 50% duty cycle | Fiber | Distance | 5,000 mW | NS | 1 cm2 9 sites |
26 s/site on 9 sites | 234 s | 2/day for 4 consecutive days | NS | NS | NS |
| Oton-Leite et al. [21] | InGaAlP diode laser (Twin Flex Evolution, MMOptics Ltda, Sao Carlos, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 25 mW | NS | 61 points 0.04 cm2 |
10 s | 610 s | 3/week on alternate days for 7 weeks | 6.2 J/cm2 | 15.13 J/session | 317.69 J |
| Gautam et al. [22] | He/Ne laser (Technomed Electronics, Advanced Laser Therapy 1000, Chennai, India) | 632.8 nm | CW | Fiber | Non-contact (<1 cm) | NS | 0.024 mW/cm2 | 0.6 mm Spot size 1 cm2 |
125 s per 12 locations | NS | 5 times a week | 3 J/point | 36 J/session | NS |
| Gonnelli et al. [23] | InGaAlP diode laser (Twin Laser—MMOptics® Ltda, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) | Extraoral application: 780 nm Intraoral application: 660 nm |
CW | Fiber Array |
Contact | Extraoral: 15 mW Intraoral: 40 mW |
NS | 0.04 cm2 | Extraoral: 10 s per 16 points Intraoral: 10 s per 24 points |
Extraoral: 160s Intraoral: 240s |
3 times/week 21 sessions |
Extraoral: 3.8 J/cm2 per point Intraoral: 10 J/cm2 per point |
Extraoral: 2.432 J per session Intraoral: 9.6 J per session |
3.8 J/cm2 |
| Palma et al. [24] | InGaAlP diode laser device (Twin Flex III Evolution, MMOptics® Ltda, São Carlos, Brazil) | 808 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 30 mW | 0.75 mW/cm2 | Spot size 0.04 cm2 |
10 s per 22 points | 3.6 min | 24 sessions Twice/week for 3 months |
0.3 J/point | 6.6 J/session | 7.5 J/cm2 |
| Elgohary et al. [25] | Laser equipment (Electro Medical Supplies, Greenham Ltd., Wantage, Oxford- shire, UK) | 950 nm | Pulsed 80% | Fiber | NS | 15 mW | NS | NS | NS | 6 min | 5 times/week for 4 consecutive weeks | NS | 4.3 J/cm2 | 86 J |
| González-Arriagada et al. [26] | Diode InGaAlP Photon Lase III (DMC Odontológica, São Carlos, Brazil) | 660 nm | NS | Fiber | NS | 100 mW | NS | NS | 10 s 27 points | 270 s | 3 times/week since the first day up to the end of RT | 60 J/cm2 | NS | NS |
| Guedes et al. [27] | InGaArP Twin Flex Evolution (MM Optics Ltda, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil) and Laser Duo (MM Optics Ltda, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 25 mW 100 mW |
625 mW/cm2 3,333 mW/cm2 |
4 mm2 3 mm2 |
10 s/point 28 points |
280 s | 7 weeks | 6.3 J/cm2 33 J/cm2 |
7 J/session 28 J/session |
NS |
| Legouté et al. [28] | He-Ne laser HETSCHL® | 658 nm | Pulsed (50 Hz) | Fiber | 0.5 mm | 100 mW | 100 mW/cm2 | 1 cm2 per application | 40 s/cm2 | NS | 1 session/day, 5 sessions/week from day of OM grade II till the resolution OM | 4 J | NS | 4 J/cm2 |
| Rezk-Allah et al. [29] | Infrared GaAs laser Phyaction CL- 904 device (Uniphy technology, Belgium) | 904 nm | Pulse (200 ns) | Fiber | NS | 25 W | NS | NS | 60 s | NS | 6 days/week from the start of OM till the end of CT | 1 J/cm2 | NS | NS |
| Bourbonne et al. [30] | Laser Heltschl FL 3500 ME-TL 10 000 SK (Schlüßlberg, Austria) |
660 nm 658 nm |
CW | Array | External: non-contact (1 cm) Intraoral: ns |
External: 350 mW Intraoral: 100 mW |
ns | External: 2 points Intraoral: 1 point |
External: 4 mins Intraoral: ns |
External: 8 mins Intraoral: ns |
3 times/week for 7 weeks | 6 J/cm2 | 12 J/cm2 6 J/cm2 |
252 J 126 J |
| Morais et al. [31] | InGaAIP laser (Twin Flex Evolution, MM Optics Ltd., São Paulo, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | 1 cm distance | 25 mW | NS | 62 spots/0.04 mm2 | 10 s/site | 620 s/session | 5 days/week | 6.2 J/cm2 | 14.88 J/day | 446.4 J |
| Dantas et al. [32] | InGaAlP diode, Twin Flex (MM Optics, São Carlos, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | Distance | 86.7 mW | 690 mW/cm2 | 0.1256 cm2 | 3 s | 84 s (28 areas) | 3x/week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) from first day of RT | 2 J/cm2 | 56 J/session | NS |
| Park et al. [33] | HEALITE II® 1800 light-emitting diodes (Lutronic Corp., Boston, MA, USA and Goyang, South Korea) | 830 ± 7 nm | ns | Fiber | Contact | ns | 100 mW/cm2 | ns | 660 s | 660 s | 3 times/week from the first week of RT. In average, 14.97 times (range from 12 to 18 times) | 60 J/cm2 | NS | 37.80 J |
| De Carvalho et al. [34] | InGaAlP diode laser (Twin laser MMOptics, MMOptics Ltda., São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 15 mW 25 mW |
375 mW/cm2 625 mW/cm2 |
0.4 cm2/point 40 points |
10 s | 400 s | 5 times/week from the first day until the end of RT | 3.8 J/cm2 6.3 J/cm2 |
152 J/cm2 252 J/cm2 |
4,560 J/cm2 7,560 J/cm2 |
| Ribeiro et al. [35] | Flash AsGaAl Laser III (DMC, São Paulo Brazil) | 808 nm | CW | Fiber | Distance | Intraoral: 15 mW External: 30 mW |
NS | Intraoral: 0.028 cm2 21 points Extraoral: 0.028 cm2 18 points |
10 s/point | Intraoral: 210s Extraoral: 180s |
3 times/week on alternate days throughout the RT | Intraoral: 12 J/cm2 Extraoral: 7.5 J/cm2 |
50.4 J | NS |
| de Pauli Paglioni et al. [36] | Diode laser (Twin Flex, MM Optics Equipment, São Paulo, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 40 mW | 1,000 mW/cm2 | 0.04 cm2 | Preventive:10 s Treatment:60 s | ns | Daily for 5 consecutive days/week from day 1 until the end of RT | Preventive: 10 J/cm2 Treatment: 60 J/cm2 |
600 J/cm2 for 10 sites | ns |
| Martins et al. [37] | Diode laser (Twin Flex Evolution, MM Optics Equipment, São Paulo, Brazil) | 660 nm | CW | Fiber | Contact | 25 mW | 625 mW/cm2 | 0.04 cm2 61 points |
10 s | 610 s | 5 times/week from the first RT dose until the last one | 0.25 J | 6.2J/cm2 | NS |
| Robijns et al. [38] | MLS® M6 diode laser (ASA Srl, Vicenza, Italy) | 808 nm 905 nm |
Continuous + pulsed wave mode 90 KHz | Array | 5 cm above | 1,100–2,500 mW (mean 3,300 mW) | 168 mW/cm2 | 2 cm aperture, 3.14 cm2 at target | NS | 300–600 s | Biweekly for 7 weeks | 4 J/cm2 | NS | NS |
| Bensadoun et al. [39] | Caremin 650 | 650 nm | CW | Array | Contact | NS | 28 mW/cm2 for oral pads 21 mW/cm2 for derma pads |
NS | NS | Prophylactic: 1 min 47 s (oral pads), 2 min 23 s (derma pads) Curative: 3 min 34 s (oral pads), 4 min 46 s (derma pads) | At least 3 sessions/week (5 sessions/week recommended) immediately before or after RT | NS | NS | 3J/cm2 (prophylactic) 6 J/cm2 (curative) |