Table 1.
Main demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
| Variables | SF (n = 13) | SN (n = 35) | NF (n = 19) | NN (n = 154) | Total (n = 221) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63 (55.5–65.5) | 59 (57–69) | 66 (57–74) | 63 (57–68) | 63 (57–68) | 0.1052 |
| Gender (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 11 (84.6) | 30 (85.7) | 7 (36.8) | 54 (35.1) | 102 (46.2) | |
| Female | 2 (15.4) | 5 (14.3) | 12 (63.2) | 100 (64.9) | 119 (53.8) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/l) | 70 (61–107) | 86 (66–99) | 86 (65–119) | 88.5 (74–113) | 88 (71–110) | 0.1887 |
| Outcome (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Dead | 11 (84.6) | 8 (22.9) | 5 (26.3) | 21 (13.6) | 45 (20.4) | |
| Alive | 2 (15.4) | 27 (77.1) | 14 (73.7) | 133 (86.4) | 176 (79.6) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.5 (18.7–21.8) | 21.4 (19.5–24.7) | 22.9 (20.2–27.1) | 25.4 (22.5–28.3) | 24.4 (20.9–27.3) | <0.0001 |
| Bilirubin (μmol/l) | 32.7 (22.4–51.4) | 23.9 (16.2–49.5) | 23.1 (19.6–53.2) | 19.5 (13.95–36.4) | 21.7 (14.6–38.5) | 0.0684 |
| WBC (×109/l) | 4.11 (3.38–4.63) | 3.47 (1.96–6.19) | 3.84 (2.20–5.41) | 3.40 (2.37–4.78) | 3.45 (2.37–4.88) | 0.8100 |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | 133 (126–139) | 141 (138–143) | 140 (136–142) | 140 (138–142) | 140 (138–142) | 0.0019 |
| Potassium (mmol/l) | 3.5 (2.7–3.85) | 3.7 (3.4–4.0) | 3.7 (3.3–4.1) | 3.9 (3.5–4.1) | 3.8 (3.5–4.1) | 0.1094 |
| Platelets (×109/l) | 94 (44–126) | 83 (50–144) | 76 (42–134) | 81(51–112) | 81 (49–115.5) | 0.9244 |
| Albumin (g/l) | 22 (19.5–28) | 27 (24–32) | 27 (21–31) | 28.5 (25–33) | 28 (24.5–32) | 0.0032 |
| Urea (mmol/l) | 6.6 (4.05–11.5) | 4.9 (3.2–8) | 5.9 (3.1–9.3) | 5.0 (3.7–5.9) | 5.0 (3.7–6.6) | 0.1076 |
| Creatinine (mmol/l) | 61 (57–90.5) | 58 (54–74) | 64 (58–82) | 56.5 (46.5–67.5) | 58 (49–72) | 0.0174 |
| NLR | 7.46 (3.5–9.38) | 3.52 (1.98–6.21) | 4.91 (2.62–6.06) | 2.68 (1.66–3.81) | 3.05 (1.93–4.80) | <0.0001 |
| MELD score | 12 (9.5–16) | 8 (5.75–11) | 11 (8–13) | 9 (6–11) | 9 (6–12) | 0.0124 |
| MELD score (%) | 0.6108 | |||||
| >15 | 3 (23.1) | 5 (14.3) | 2 (10.5) | 17 (11) | 27 (12.2) | |
| ⩽15 | 10 (76.9) | 30 (85.7) | 17 (89.5) | 137 (89) | 194 (87.8) | |
| CTP score | 9 (8–10.5) | 8 (7–9) | 9 (7–10) | 7 (6–9) | 9 (8–13) | <0.0001 |
| CTP class (%) | 0.0072 | |||||
| A | 0 (0) | 7 (20) | 3 (15.8) | 56 (36.4) | 66 (29.9) | |
| B/C | 13 (100) | 28 (80) | 16 (84.2) | 98 (63.6) | 155 (70.1) | |
| Comorbidity (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 2 (15.4) | 10 (28.6) | 5 (26.3) | 43 (27.9) | 60 (27.1) | 0.1274 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (23.1) | 10 (28.6) | 6 (31.6) | 34 (22.1) | 53 (24.0) | 0.2201 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 3 (23.1) | 3 (8.6) | 7 (36.8) | 19 (12.3) | 32 (14.5) | 0.4082 |
| Complication (%) | ||||||
| GEV | 8 (61.5) | 25 (71.4) | 11 (57.8) | 111 (72.1) | 155 (70.1) | 0.5472 |
| Variceal bleeding | 5 (38.5) | 14 (40.0) | 4 (21.1) | 52 (33.8) | 75 (33.9) | 0.0499 |
| HE | 3 (23.1) | 2 (5.7) | 2 (10.5) | 7 (4.5) | 14 (6.3) | 0.0561 |
| Infection | 6 (46.2) | 4 (11.4) | 6 (31.6) | 13 (8.4) | 29 (13.1) | <0.0001 |
| Ascites | 13 (100) | 26 (74.3) | 17 (89.5) | 77 (50) | 133 (60.1) | <0.0001 |
| Etiology (%) | 0.0030 | |||||
| Alcohol | 6 (46.1) | 17 (48.6) | 6 (31.5) | 29 (18.8) | 58 (26.2) | |
| Viral | 4 (30.8) | 10 (28.6) | 1 (5.3) | 42 (27.3) | 57 (25.8) | |
| Autoimmune/cholestasis | 2 (15.4) | 4 (11.4) | 6 (31.6) | 52 (33.8) | 64 (29) | |
| Others | 1 (7.7) | 4 (11.4) | 6 (31.6) | 31 (20.1) | 42 (19) |
BMI, body mass index; CTP, Child–Turcotte–Pugh; GEV, gastroesophageal varices; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; NF, non-sarcopenia and frailty; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NN, non-sarcopenia and non-frailty; SF, sarcopenia and frailty; SN, sarcopenia and non-frailty; WBC, white blood cell count.