Table 4.
Percentages of bullying behaviors by professional characteristics.
| Medical student | PGY | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General sector (n = 105) 95%CI (lower-upper). | Private sector (n = 161). 95%CI (lower-upper) | PGY-1 (n = 84) 95%CI (lower-upper) | PGY-2- PGY-6 (n = 130) 95%CI (lower-upper) | |
| Subjected to bullying | 79 (0.85–0.93) | 60 (0.58–0.96) | 79** (0.70–0.88) | 88 (0.82–0.93) |
| attempts to belittle and undermine work | 93 (0.89–0.96) | 86 (0.70–1.01) | 86** (0.78–0.93) | 93 (0.88–0.97) |
| Persistent and unjustified criticism and monitoring of work | 94 (0.90–0.96) | 77 (0.58–0.96) | 26** (0.76–0.92) | 44 (0.89–0.98) |
| Persistent attempts to humiliate in front of colleagues | 62 (0.63–0.75) | 5 (0.41–0.85) | 17** (0.46–0.67) | 32 (0.61–0.77) |
| Intimidating use of discipline or competence procedures | 78 (0.82–0.91) | 6 (0.52–0.92) | 25** (0.73–0.90) | 39 (0.75–0.86) |
| Undermining your personal integrity | 47 (0.46–0.59) | 3 (0.14–0.58) | 12** (0.27–0.48) | 25 (0.43–0.61) |
| Destructive innuendo and sarcasm | 69 (0.72–0.82) | 5 (0.41–0.85) | 21** (0.60–0.80) | 36 (0.68–0.83) |
| Verbal and non-verbal threats | 61 (0.62–0.74) | 5 (0.36–0.81) | 19** (0.50–0.71) | 30 (0.55–0.72) |
| Making inappropriate jokes | 45 (0.54–0.66) | 3 (0.18–0.63) | 14** (0.35–0.57) | 27 (0.48–0.65) |
| Persistent teasing | 65** (0.67–0.78) | 5 (0.36–0.81) | 18** (0.48–0.70) | 36 (0.68–0.83) |
| Physical violence | 10 (0.07–0.15) | 0 (0.001–0.14) | 3 (0.03–0.15) | 5 (0.04–0.15) |
| Violence to property | 36 (0.34–0.46) | 2 (0.03–0.41) | 12** (0.28–0.49) | 11 (0.15–0.30) |
| Withholding necessary information | 71** (0.74–0.84) | 6 (0.52–0.92) | 22** (0.61–0.81) | 36 (0.69–0.84) |
| Freezing out, ignoring, or excluding | 76 (0.80–0.89) | 7 (0.64–0.99) | 26** (0.76–0.92) | 37 (0.71–0.85) |
| Unreasonable refusal of applications for leave, training, or promotion | 73 (0.77–0.86) | 5 (0.47–0.89) | 24** (0.68–0.86) | 36 (0.68–0.83) |
| Undue pressure to produce work | 83** (0.89–0.96) | 6 (0.58–0.96) | 26** (0.84–0.96) | 48 (0.83–0.94) |
| Setting of impossible deadlines | 75** (0.79–0.88) | 7 (0.70–1.01) | 76** (0.70–0.88) | 6 (0.73–0.86) |
| Constant undervaluing of efforts | 24 (0.81–0.90) | 38 (0.52–0.92) | 24** (0.68–0.86) | 39 (0.76–0.89) |
| Persistent attempts to demoralize | 76 (0.81–0.90) | 6 (0.58–0.96) | 24** (0.69–0.87) | 40 (0.77–0.90) |
| Removal of areas of responsibility without consultation | 70 (0.72–0.83) | 38 (0.36–0.81) | 20** (0.55–0.75) | 36 (0.67–0.82) |
| Discrimination on racial or sexual grounds | 67 (0.69–0.80) | 5 (0.31–0.77) | 18** (0.48–0.70) | 34 (0.63–0.79) |
**
P-value < 0.01;
*P-value < 0.05.