Table 8.
Robustness test results.
| Variable | Regardless of spatial effects | Consider the spatial effect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population agglomeration | 0.821*** (10.31) |
0.431*** (4.91) |
0.812*** (10.13) |
0.815*** (10.30) |
0.355*** (4.81) |
0.898*** (11.41) |
| Population concentration square term | −0.051*** (−4.91) |
−0.031* (−1.31) |
−0.061*** (−5.12) |
−0.051*** (−4.91) |
−0.024 (−1.31) |
−0.053*** (−4.98) |
| Urbanization | 1.298*** (10.1) |
1.381*** (11.3) |
||||
| Interaction of population agglomeration and fiscal decentralization | −0.121*** (−11.41) |
−0.181*** (-13.41) |
||||
| Degree of government intervention | 0.11 (1.09) |
0.052 (0.52) |
0.01 (0.13) |
0.081 (1.41) |
0.054 (0.56) |
0.031 (0.43) |
| Level of financial development | −0.21*** (−9.51) |
−0.191*** (−9.45) |
−0.149*** (−8.91) |
−0.201*** (−10.16) |
−0.199*** (−9.61) |
−0.151*** (−8.99) |
| Level of informatization | −0.03 (−1.1) |
−0.051 (−1.62) |
−0.116*** (−2.62) |
−0.046* (−1.42) |
−0.03 (−1.1) |
−0.142*** (−3.12) |
| Degree of openness | 0.069** (2.41) |
−0.013 (−0.09) |
0.044 (1.2) |
0.078** (2.81) |
−0.02 (−0.91) |
0.031** (1.21) |
| ρ | 0.151** (2.21) |
0.14* (1.91) |
0.241*** (3.54) |
|||
| R 2 | 0.912 | 0.934 | 0.9411 | 0.412 | 0.321 | 0.399 |
| logL | 611.21 | 615.33 | 652.13 | 633.25 | 651.21 | 678.54 |
| N | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 |
***, **, and *
represent P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.1, respectively.