Table 2.
Association of overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and glucose tolerance status with adverse pregnancy outcomesa.
| Category | Macrosomia | LGA | Preterm deliveryb | HDP | SGA | Cesareansection | Full term low birth weight | Composite outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-pregnancy BMI category (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Underweight or Normal(<24.0) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| Overweight or Obese(≥24.0) | 1.83 (1.39,2.40) |
1.59 (1.36,1.85) |
0.95 (0.70,1.29) |
2.73 (2.15,3.46) |
0.80 (0.49,1.31) |
1.58 (1.38,1.82) |
0.72 (0.37,1.40) |
1.82 (1.57,2.10) |
| Gestational weight gain category | ||||||||
| As or below recommended | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| Above recommended | 2.24 (1.75,2.88) |
1.73 (1.52,1.98) |
0.76 (0.59,0.99) |
1.87 (1.49,2.36) |
0.70(0.65,1.04) | 1.49 (1.32,1.68) |
0.64 (0.36,1.16) |
1.59 (1.41,1.79) |
| Glucose tolerance status | ||||||||
| One abnormal item | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| At least two abnormal items | 1.31 (1.02,1.68) |
1.16 (1.02,1.32) |
1.26 (0.99,1.60) |
1.48 (1.18,1.85) |
0.95 (0.66,1.37) |
1.04 (0.93,1.17) |
0.84 (0.50,1.38) |
1.09 (0.97,1.22) |
Data are showed as OR(95%CI).
BMI, body mass index; LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; HDP, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; a For all outcomes except preterm delivery were adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, infant sex, gravity, and parity.b adjusted for on the maternal age, infant sex, gravity, and parity.