Table 3.
Pairwise interaction of overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and glucose tolerance status on adverse pregnancy outcomesa.
| Category | Macrosomia | LGA | Preterm deliveryb | HDP | SGA | Cesarean section | Full term low birth weight | Composite outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-pregnancy BMI category(kg/m) | Gestational weight gain category | ||||||||
| Underweight or Normal(<24.0) | As or below recommended | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) |
| Above recommended | 2.15 (1.60,2.89) |
1.58 (1.36,1.84) |
0.63 (0.46,0.87) |
134 (1.44,2.57) |
1.03 (0.58,1.81) |
1.39 (1.21,1.60) |
0.81 (0.43,1.54) |
1.44 (1.26,1.65) |
|
| Overweight or Obese(≥24.0) | As or below recommended | 1.68 (1.12,2.52) |
1.35 (1.10,1.66) |
0.72 (0.48,1.09) |
3.03 (2.19,4.19) |
0.79 (0.51,1.22) |
1.43 (1.20,1.72) |
1.01 (0.48,2.13) |
1.55 (1.29,1.87) |
| Above recommended | 3.58 (2.48, 5.16) |
2.67 (2.15,3.31) |
1.02 (0.68,1.54) |
3.97 (2.84,5.54) |
0.42 (0.17,1.05) |
2.267 (1.85,2.78) |
0.276 (0.07,1.17) |
2.970 (2.36,3.73) |
|
| Pre-pregnancy BMI category(kg/m2) | Glucose tolerance status | ||||||||
| Underweight or Normal(<24.0) | One abnormal item | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) |
| At least two abnormal items | 1.43 (1.07,1.92) |
1.16 (0.99,1.34) |
1.17 (0.90,1.53) |
1.34 (1.00,1.78) |
0.95 (0.64,1.42) |
1.02 (0.90,1.17) |
1.02 (0.59,1.76) |
1.05 (0.93,1.20) |
|
| Overweight or Obese(≥24.0) | One abnormal item | 2.20 (1.52,3.19) |
1.66 (1.34,2.04) |
0.75 (0.47,1.20) |
2.52 (1.78,3.57) |
0.78 (0.40,1.54) |
1.60 (1.33,1.94) |
1.14 (0.51,2.53) |
1.78 (1.46,2.17) |
| At least two abnormal items | 2.05 (1.39,3.04) |
1.72 (1.39,2.12) |
1.31 (0.89,1.94) |
3.72 (2.69,5.12) |
0.80 (0.40,1.57) |
1.59 (1.30,1.93) |
0.36 (0.11,1.22) |
1.94 (1.57,2.39) |
|
| Gestational weight gain category | Glucose tolerance status | ||||||||
| As or below recommended | One abnormal item | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00(Ref.) |
| At least two abnormal items | 1.41 (0.99,2.00) |
1.19 (1.01,1.40) |
1.19 (0.90,1.57) |
1.64 (1.21,2.23) |
0.93 (0.61, 1.41) |
1.08 (0.94, 1.25) |
1.01 (0.58, 1.77) |
1.13 (0.99, 1.30) |
|
| Above recommended | One abnormal item | 2.33 (1.66,3.26) |
1.74 (1.47,2.07) |
0.72 (0.50,1.02) |
2.08 (1.50,2.87) |
0.69 (0.42, 1.14) |
1.53 (1.31, 1.78) |
0.89 (0.44, 1.77) |
1.63 (1.40, 1.89) |
| At least two abnormal items | 3.17 (2.19,4.58) |
2.09 (1.71,2.55) |
1.01 (0.69,1.49) |
2.90 (2.06, 4.09) |
0.65 (0.35, 1.23) |
1.57 (1.31, 1.89) |
0.31 (0.09, 1.04) |
1.77 (1.46, 2.13) |
|
Data are showed as OR(95%CI).
BMI, body mass index; LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; HDP, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; a For all outcomes except preterm delivery were adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, infant sex, gravity, and parity. b adjusted for on the maternal age, infant sex, gravity, and parity.