Table 5.
Coexist interaction of overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and glucose tolerance status on adverse pregnancy outcomesa.
| Pre-pregnancy BMI category(kg/m2) | Gestational weight gain category | Glucose tolerance status | Macrosomia | LGA | Preterm deliveryb | HDP | SGA | Cesarean section | Full term low birth weight | Composite outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight or Normal (<24.0) | As or below recommended | One abnormal items | 1.00(Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| At least two abnormal items | 1.52 (1.01,2.29) |
1.21 (1.01,1.46) |
1.13 (0.83,1.52) |
1.84 (1.26,2.70) |
0.97 (0.61,1.54) |
1.10 (0.94,1.28) |
1.24 (0.67,2.29) |
1.13 (0.98,1.32) |
||
| Above recommended | One abnormal items | 2.22 (1.49,3.32) |
1.63 (1.34,1.98) |
0.62 (0.42,0.93) |
2.58 (1.74,3.82) |
0.85 (0.50,1.44) |
1.49 (1.25,1.78) |
1.19 (0.56,2.54) |
1.55 (1.34,1.84) |
|
| At least two abnormal items | 3.37 (2.15,5.26) |
1.84 (1.44,2.34) |
0.75 (0.46,1.22) |
2.53 (1.57,4.08) |
0.65 (0.30,1.39) |
1.37 (1.10,1.71) |
0.39 (0.09,1.68) |
1.45 (1.17,1.80) |
||
| Overweight or Obese (≥24.0) | As or below recommended | One abnormal items | 2.12 (1.19,3.78) |
1.50 (1.12,2.02) |
0.51 (0.26,1.03) |
3.91 (2.29,5.96) |
1.24 (0.60,2.60) |
1.55 (1.19,2.00) |
1.70 (0.69,4.23) |
1.61 (1.24,2.09) |
| At least two abnormal items | 2.01 (1.13,3.73) |
1.44 (1.12,1.94) |
1.00 (0.60,1.67) |
4.11 (2.41,6.34) |
0.82 (0.34,1.95) |
1.42 (1.10,1.83) |
0.43 (0.10,1.89) |
1.67 (1.28,2.15) |
||
| Above recommended | One abnormal items | 4.48 (2.71,7.4114) |
2.7313 (2.040,3.66) |
0.83 (0.45,1.53) |
3.66 (2.17,6.15) |
0.15 (0.02,1.12) |
2.20 (1.67,2.90) |
0.33 (0.04,2.54) |
2.74 (2.04,3.68) |
|
| At least two abnormal items | 4.52 (2.60,7.84) |
3.19 (2.33,4.37) |
1.38 (0.80,2.38) |
7.60 (4.78,12.08) |
0.70 (0.25,1.99) |
2.56 (1.89,3.47) |
0.27 (0.35,2.11) |
3.75 (2.63,5.34) |
Data are showed as OR(95%CI).
BMI, body mass index; LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; HDP: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; a For all outcomes except preterm delivery were adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, infant sex, gravity, and parity. b adjusted for on the maternal age, infant sex, gravity, and parity.