Table 4B.

Generalised linear models for fear and anxiety and aggression.

Behavioural factor score	PPN mean ± SEM (range min-max)	Control mean ± SEM (range min-max)	Effect size	Main effect	Model parameter estimates for control compared to PPN
				P	B	S.E.	Wald Chi-square	90% Wald CI
Aggression	0.04 ± 0.02 (−0.38–0.71)	0.00 ± 0.02 (−0.75–0.50)	−0.26	0.060	−0.042	0.022	3.546	−0.078, 0.005
Fear and anxiety	0.09 ± 0.06 (−2.00–2.00)	0.02 ± 0.04 (−1.22–1.00)	−0.19	0.252	0.083	0.072	1.313	−0.035, 0.201

The results from the general (Table 4A) and generalised (in this Table) linear models used to examine differences between bitches neutered before (PPN, n = 89) or after (Control, n = 82) puberty, showing changes in six mean behavioural factor scores using questions from the C-BARQ completed at 1 and 3 years of age. P-values and model parameter results shown are for the main effect of neutering before or after puberty, with PPN as the reference group.