. 2022 Jul 5;9:779745. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.779745

Table 6.

Effects of probiotics and synbiotics addition in sows' diets on plasma biochemical parameters of offspring pigs.

Items	Control	Antibiotic	Probiotics	Synbiotics	SEM	P-values
	group	group	group	group
ALT (U/L)
65 days of age	58.79	56.28	56.81	59.15	2.369	0.782
95 days of age	54.74^b	54.22^b	59.60^b	78.33^a	4.811	0.004
125 days of age	51.77	48.18	50.76	48.10	3.847	0.873
ALP (U/L)
65 days of age	148.88	164.00	134.57	155.50	8.351	0.108
95 days of age	123.63	127.17	118.50	122.83	10.524	0.951
125 days of age	162.88^ab	197.50^a	142.83^b	123.00^b	13.740	0.010
α-AMS (U/L)
65 days of age	2260.50^a	1851.40^b	1842.17^b	1852.33^b	76.887	0.001
95 days of age	2186.71	2074.40	2176.80	2271.60	80.523	0.405
125 days of age	2306.00^b	2783.00^a	2438.25^ab	2806.00^a	121.075	0.016
AST (U/L)
65 days of age	59.75	56.40	73.71	53.83	6.181	0.129
95 days of age	73.30^a	53.80^bc	47.33^c	63.75^ab	3.606	<0.0001
125 days of age	65.17^a	47.20^b	49.50^b	67.50^a	5.292	0.023
CHE (g/L)
65 days of age	534.63^a	540.33^a	420.29^b	548.33^a	16.605	<0.0001
95 days of age	516.25^a	542.83^a	427.60^b	457.71^b	15.986	<0.0001
125 days of age	467.67	475.25	445.50	487.25	13.724	0.203
LDH (U/L)
65 days of age	416.75^b	332.20^c	503.67^a	378.17^bc	18.040	<0.0001
95 days of age	465.71^a	374.43^b	322.67^b	437.67^a	19.825	<0.0001
125 days of age	475.57^a	383.25^b	383.29^b	411.25^ab	26.291	0.042
ALB (g/L)
65 days of age	41.23^a	35.54^b	41.21^a	40.50^a	0.643	<0.0001
95 days of age	40.45	39.46	40.58	40.48	0.657	0.596
125 days of age	43.86	44.53	45.18	43.93	0.915	0.677
AMM (μmol/L)
65 days of age	167.93	159.24	203.50	189.87	14.293	0.137
95 days of age	265.37^a	236.36^a	171.86^b	229.62^a	17.090	0.005
125 days of age	332.90^a	128.30^d	198.58^c	269.55^b	21.299	<0.0001
TP (g/L)
65 days of age	65.00	66.62	65.13	67.52	0.765	0.078
95 days of age	73.68^ab	73.68^ab	74.63^a	70.82^b	0.939	0.043
125 days of age	72.76^a	68.90^b	73.78^a	73.10^a	0.833	0.002
UN (mmol/L)
65 days of age	3.10	3.20	3.18	2.87	0.341	0.901
95 days of age	3.56^a	3.60^a	2.42^c	3.14^b	0.127	<0.0001
125 days of age	3.47^ab	3.98^a	3.93^a	3.35^b	0.158	0.020
HDL-C (mmol/L)
65 days of age	0.76^b	0.75^b	0.74^b	0.88^a	0.033	0.019
95 days of age	1.07	1.11	1.05	1.01	0.036	0.292
125 days of age	1.10^b	1.22^a	1.23^a	1.09^b	0.036	0.010
LDL-C (mmol/L)
65 days of age	1.28^b	1.08^c	1.26^b	1.50^a	0.050	<0.0001
95 days of age	1.57	1.64	1.66	1.60	0.084	0.860
125 days of age	1.53	1.26	1.53	1.43	0.073	0.052
TC (mmol/L)
65 days of age	2.37^b	2.12^c	2.31^b	2.53^a	0.053	<0.0001
95 days of age	2.68	2.90	2.85	2.83	0.073	0.199
125 days of age	2.78^ab	2.59^b	3.05^a	2.78^ab	0.082	0.004
TG (mmol/L)
65 days of age	0.49	0.48	0.49	0.53	0.034	0.734
95 days of age	0.76^a	0.60^ab	0.63^ab	0.51^b	0.047	0.009
125 days of age	0.62^b	0.61^b	0.56^b	0.82^a	0.034	<0.0001
GLU (mmol/L)
65 days of age	5.30^a	5.12^ab	5.30^a	4.66^b	0.176	0.049
95 days of age	6.40^a	4.66^b	5.18^b	4.78^b	0.246	<0.0001
125 days of age	4.48	4.92	4.66	4.80	0.161	0.261

Data are presented as means with pooled SEM. Values in the same row with different superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0.05). The replicates per group at 65 and 95 days of age were 8; at 125 days of age, the replicates of the control group, antibiotic group, probiotics group, and synbiotics group were 8, 6, 8, and 6, respectively. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; α-AMS, α-amylase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CHE, cholinesterase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALB, albumin; AMM, ammonia; TP, total protein; UN, urea nitrogen; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; GLU, glucose.