. 2022 Jul 5;9:779745. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.779745

Table 7.

Effects of probiotics and synbiotics addition in sows' diets on plasma-free amino acid of offspring pigs (nmol/mL).

Items	Control	Antibiotic	Probiotics	Synbiotics	SEM	P-values
	group	group	group	group
1-Mehis
65 days of age	0.85	0.95	0.50	0.90	0.147	0.157
95 days of age	6.13^b	8.96^a	5.06^b	6.70^b	0.626	0.001
125 days of age	0.93	0.89	0.44	1.16	0.201	0.095
3-Mehis
65 days of age	12.38	11.64	11.69	12.13	0.766	0.885
95 days of age	14.09	13.74	12.71	15.27	0.730	0.123
125 days of age	13.92	15.41	17.17	16.37	1.082	0.146
Ala
65 days of age	419.55^a	445.57^a	323.57^b	391.40^ab	24.723	0.011
95 days of age	358.50^a	252.02^b	296.22^ab	347.86^a	18.048	0.001
125 days of age	312.99^b	393.20^a	301.66^b	284.56^b	20.815	0.009
Ans
65 days of age	1.05	1.04	0.98	0.88	0.105	0.682
95 days of age	0.48^a	0.46^a	0.51^a	0.36^b	0.028	0.005
125 days of age	22.53^c	55.86^a	35.01^b	21.56^c	2.124	<0.0001
Arg
65 days of age	70.36	79.78	83.70	88.64	4.783	0.070
95 days of age	89.22^ab	67.25^b	69.73^b	102.12^a	6.953	0.004
125 days of age	84.84^b	105.52^a	85.15^b	88.29^b	3.540	0.001
Asp
65 days of age	7.88	9.41	8.84	7.39	1.256	0.665
95 days of age	9.86	10.99	11.55	9.53	0.748	0.211
125 days of age	10.85^a	12.44^a	6.99^b	10.34^a	0.679	<0.0001
Car
65 days of age	10.51	10.61	10.72	7.03	1.152	0.087
95 days of age	10.93^a	8.97^a	3.30^b	8.24^a	0.985	<0.0001
125 days of age	18.25	17.06	13.97	15.10	1.300	0.083
Cit
65 days of age	25.65^c	30.35^b	23.54^c	34.81^a	1.272	<0.0001
95 days of age	40.77^a	31.80^b	30.24^b	34.47^b	1.829	0.002
125 days of age	38.50	34.22	40.66	34.89	2.474	0.229
Cysthi
65 days of age	13.04^b	7.55^c	13.52^b	18.79^a	0.927	<0.0001
95 days of age	6.05^b	6.69^b	7.17^ab	8.37^a	0.437	0.006
125 days of age	9.97^b	9.13^b	10.88^ab	13.89^a	1.027	0.036
Cys
65 days of age	9.56	11.19	8.58	12.69	1.062	0.052
95 days of age	94.43	93.56	59.16	70.89	14.719	0.264
125 days of age	12.55	11.11	7.17	12.87	1.872	0.115
EOHNH2
65 days of age	0.27	0.31	0.25	0.28	0.031	0.558
95 days of age	24.52^b	36.69^a	0.46^c	0.27^c	2.086	<0.0001
125 days of age	5.09^a	5.31^a	5.90^a	2.95^b	0.522	0.006
Glu
65 days of age	186.00	211.73	197.39	183.61	11.824	0.334
95 days of age	207.52	175.66	213.62	215.32	11.319	0.066
125 days of age	155.75^a	133.41^b	159.41^a	134.23^b	4.571	<0.0001
Gly
65 days of age	525.00^a	441.15^b	417.84^b	517.45^a	22.405	0.003
95 days of age	470.34	472.11	484.09	560.27	29.847	0.129
125 days of age	566.31^b	744.00^a	517.49^b	582.66^b	20.194	<0.0001
His
65 days of age	36.13^bc	38.06^ab	39.58^a	35.05^c	0.834	0.003
95 days of age	43.72^a	38.14^b	37.98^b	40.04^ab	1.406	0.026
125 days of age	44.72^a	47.79^a	39.29^b	44.59^a	1.074	<0.0001
Hylys
65 days of age	1.08^b	0.99^b	1.77^a	1.00^b	0.144	0.001
95 days of age	0.55^b	0.21^b	0.31^b	17.46^a	0.545	<0.0001
125 days of age	20.27	17.00	16.29	13.96	2.598	0.404
Hypro
65 days of age	80.45^a	63.26^b	67.49^b	63.80^b	3.157	0.002
95 days of age	37.70	27.34	31.12	40.87	3.707	0.062
125 days of age	67.51	73.25	61.61	56.72	4.385	0.098
Ile
65 days of age	100.01^a	89.39^b	85.87^b	106.56^a	3.376	0.001
95 days of age	90.11^a	72.10^b	68.44^b	75.76^b	3.811	0.002
125 days of age	86.29^b	98.37^ab	95.59^ab	101.40^a	3.731	0.042
Leu
65 days of age	164.89^a	150.55^ab	141.18^b	157.55^ab	4.946	0.015
95 days of age	140.61^a	110.86^b	108.49^b	101.71^b	6.546	0.001
125 days of age	142.49^c	164.70^b	145.71^c	188.21^a	5.000	<0.0001
Lys
65 days of age	143.17	132.49	136.97	143.94	6.986	0.619
95 days of age	125.61	124.84	107.98	137.62	9.034	0.167
125 days of age	135.46^bc	152.98^a	124.49^c	146.49^ab	4.722	0.001
Met
65 days of age	15.68	15.23	14.20	14.48	0.603	0.306
95 days of age	12.76	10.83	10.76	11.79	0.641	0.113
125 days of age	12.73^c	16.16^a	14.10^b	12.84^c	0.305	<0.0001
Orn
65 days of age	51.91	55.78	59.34	56.87	3.443	0.500
95 days of age	56.21^a	40.61^b	53.07^a	64.72^a	4.032	0.002
125 days of age	68.98^a	55.47^b	43.97^b	56.39^b	3.736	<0.0001
Phe
65 days of age	81.15	85.83	78.38	79.57	3.381	0.436
95 days of age	81.64	79.95	73.05	83.18	2.810	0.077
125 days of age	90.72^ab	92.96^a	85.38^b	88.08^ab	1.540	0.009
Pro
65 days of age	173.12^b	214.35^a	163.76^b	188.85^b	7.593	<0.0001
95 days of age	157.10	143.26	154.65	148.96	8.298	0.650
125 days of age	183.79^b	224.84^a	162.65^b	160.26^b	11.179	0.002
Sar
65 days of age	8.53^a	3.72^b	4.13^b	6.10^ab	0.875	0.002
95 days of age	0.41^c	0.66^c	6.67^a	2.08^b	0.381	<0.0001
125 days of age	2.25	2.38	2.28	2.28	0.115	0.855
Ser
65 days of age	75.51	87.29	82.69	80.79	3.228	0.101
95 days of age	81.57	75.69	78.11	75.35	2.589	0.318
125 days of age	81.30^b	97.57^a	69.65^c	73.61^c	1.802	<0.0001
Tau
65 days of age	133.56^a	108.96^bc	100.33^c	121.25^ab	5.264	0.001
95 days of age	138.40^a	116.37^b	116.01^b	116.55^b	5.698	0.022
125 days of age	137.88^b	153.35^a	133.68^b	128.73^b	5.074	0.021
Thr
65 days of age	116.70^b	151.48^a	108.88^b	117.32^b	7.145	0.001
95 days of age	105.91	107.08	113.80	114.86	8.913	0.852
125 days of age	119.87^b	147.49^a	111.62^b	113.26^b	4.004	<0.0001
Tyr
65 days of age	50.03^a	47.53^a	24.34^b	47.37^a	4.762	0.002
95 days of age	44.93	53.06	48.90	52.60	2.562	0.112
125 days of age	62.07^b	67.95^a	60.31^b	60.48^b	1.552	0.008
Val
65 days of age	249.16^ab	222.48^b	220.34^b	264.19^a	12.257	0.047
95 days of age	213.22	183.85	205.35	209.81	8.517	0.089
125 days of age	237.37^b	283.85^a	257.01^ab	284.97^a	13.022	0.044
α-AAA
65 days of age	65.81	56.64	67.93	57.40	4.768	0.247
95 days of age	60.05^a	45.61^b	47.63^b	45.07^b	2.733	0.002
125 days of age	55.04^ab	49.07^ab	57.68^a	44.23^b	3.369	0.049
α-ABA
65 days of age	15.47^b	24.10^a	15.68^b	18.36^ab	2.277	0.042
95 days of age	12.16^a	4.47^b	0.66^c	4.87^b	1.147	<0.0001
125 days of age	2.68^c	3.45^b	3.70^ab	4.06^a	0.131	<0.0001
β-Ala
65 days of age	8.33	5.87	6.00	7.30	0.763	0.096
95 days of age	8.88^a	3.91^c	2.70^c	6.33^b	0.555	<0.0001
125 days of age	6.91^b	8.60^a	6.97^b	7.85^ab	0.273	<0.0001
β-AiBA
65 days of age	0.52^b	1.43^a	0.33^b	1.35^a	0.084	<0.0001
95 days of age	0.66^c	2.55^a	1.72^b	1.73^b	0.196	<0.0001
125 days of age	0.61^b	1.05^a	0.59^b	0.37^c	0.054	<0.0001
γ-ABA
65 days of age	0.25^b	0.21^b	0.16^b	0.59^a	0.041	<0.0001
95 days of age	0.67^a	0.23^b	0.18^b	0.16^b	0.060	<0.0001
125 days of age	1.81	1.89	1.66	1.64	0.115	0.374

Data are presented as means with pooled SEM. Values in the same row with different superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0.05). The replicates per group at 65 and 95 days of age were 8; at 125 days of age, the replicates of the control group, antibiotic group, probiotics group, and synbiotics group were 8, 6, 8, and 6, respectively. 1-Mehis, 1-methyl-histidine; 3-Mehis, 3-methyl-histidine; Ala, alanine; Ans, anserine; Arg, arginine; Asp, aspartate; Car, carnosine; Cit, citrulline; Cysthi, cystathionine; Cys, cysteine; EOHNH2, ethanolamine; Glu, glutamate; Gly, glycine; His, histidine; Hylys, hydroxy-lysine; Hypro, hydroxy-proline; Ile, isoleucine; Leu, leucine; Lys, lysine; Met, methionine; Orn, ornithine; Phe, phenylalanine; Pro, proline; Sar, sarcosine; Ser, serine; Tau, taurine; Thr, threonine; Tyr, tyrosine; Val, valine; α-AAA, α-aminoadipic acid; α-ABA, α-amino-n-butyric acid; β-Ala, β-alanine; β-AiBA, β-aminoisobutyric acid; γ-ABA, γ-amino-n-butyric acid.