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. 2022 Jul 20;5(7):e2223019. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.23019

Table 1. Labeling Accuracy of CBD Stratified by Product Type and Purchase Location.

Labeling accuracy and amounts of CBD Retail store products (n = 45) Online products (n = 60)
Lotion (n = 7) Cream (n = 15) Balm (n = 9) Salve (n = 3) Patch (n = 1) Other (n = 10)a Total Lotion (n = 8) Cream (n = 17) Balm (n = 7) Salve (n = 9) Patch (n = 10) Other (n = 9)a Total
Labeling accuracy, No. of productsb
Underlabeled 4 10 2 2 0 8 26 5 6 4 1 6 4 26
Overlabeled 1 0 3 0 0 1 5 2 4 2 2 0 1 11
Accurately labeled 0 3 2 0 0 0 5 0 6 1 3 4 2 16
Label total amount of CBD, mg
Mean (SD) 238 (173) 276 (196) 231 (141) 425 (106) NA 181 (123) 246 (163) 504 (452) 553 (599) 421 (343) 486 (483) 63 (68) 260 (215) 389 (448)
Median (range) 200 (100 to 600) 250 (80 to 750) 215 (45 to 400) 425 (350 to 500) NA 200 (50 to 400) 220 (45 to 750) 300 (30 to 1250) 500 (20 to 2500) 250 (100 to 1000) 500 (125 to 1500) 50 (10 to 240) 150 (50 to 600) 250 (10 to 2500)
Actual total amount of CBD, mg
Mean (SD) 352 (240) 272 (170) 254 (197) 493 (73) NA 225 (147) 285 (187) 539 (513) 613 (724) 586 (520) 542 (558) 42 (33) 366 (388) 450 (549)
Median (range) 233 (168 to 791) 306 (50 to 537) 162 (63 to 574) 493 (441 to 544) NA 281 (54 to 456) 283 (50 to 791) 340 (23 to 1424) 500 (6 to 2820) 276 (125 to 1440) 533 (24 to 1667) 36 (0.5 to 97) 167 (56 to 1106) 198 (0.5 to 2820)
Deviation between labeled and actual CBD total amount, %
Mean (SD) 50 (25) 9 (51) 13 (40) 22 (48) NA 23 (17) 22 (39) 19 (61) 4 (46) 30 (30) 2 (39) –16 (42) 27 (44) 8 (45)
Median (range) 54 (16 to 93) 22 (–75 to 82) 14 (–73 to 64) 22 (–12 to 56) NA 16 (8 to 56) 21 (–75 to 93) 42 (–92 to 80) 13 (–93 to 70) 25 (–1 to 88) 8 (–80 to 45) –3 (–96 to 31) 12 (–5 to 121) 10 (–96 to 121)

Abbreviations: CBD, cannabidiol; NA, not applicable.

a

Other includes roll-on products, gels, oils, and serums intended for topical application.

b

Of the 105 products tested, 89 had a CBD total amount (in milligrams) on the label; the remaining 16 products did not contain a specific CBD amount on the label (eg, products were often labeled “x mg of full-spectrum hemp extract”).