Table 4.

Number of digital innovations addressing each key public health function in the review of academic literature and nonacademic literature (review time frame for academic literature: January 1, 2020, to September 15, 2020; review time frame for nonacademic literature: January 1, 2020, to October 13, 2020)^a.

Key public health function			Digital innovations, n (%)
Review of academic literature (N=561)
	Communication and collaboration	264 (47.1)
	Surveillance and monitoring	199 (35.5)
	Pandemic response	126 (22.5)
	Screening and diagnostics	103 (18.4)
	Contact tracing	77 (13.7)
	Forecasting	30 (5.3)
	Signal or outbreak detection and validation	8 (1.4)
Review of nonacademic literature (N=497)
	Surveillance and monitoring	197 (39.6)
	Pandemic response	169 (34.0)
	Screening and diagnostics	167 (33.6)
	Communication and collaboration	130 (26.2)
	Contact tracing	52 (10.5)
	Forecasting	27 (5.4)
	Signal or outbreak detection and validation	6 (1.2)

^aFor both the academic and nonacademic review, the number of digital innovations add up to more than the overall sample size (N) and the percentages add up to more than 100. This is because each digital innovation could be assigned more than one key public health function in our review.